PERIOPERATIVE - BNKN602 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
Biopsy
examination of tissue from the living body to discover the presence, cause, or extension
of disease
Wide local excision
removing a small area of diseased or problematic tissue with a margin of normal tissue
Endoscopy
Examination of the inside of the body using a lighted flexible instrument
Anastomosis
Surgical connection between parts of the body, commonly the intestine
Hepatic
Acting on or occurring in the liver
Intussusception
A life-threatening illness and occurs when a portion of the intestine folds like a
telescope, with one segment slipping inside another segment
Laparoscopy
A type of keyhole surgery (laparotomy) used with a laparoscope to make a small
incision to examine the abdominal cavity
Metastasis
Spreading of the disease to another area of the body
,Sepsis
The presence of pus forming bacteria or toxins in the blood or tissues
Nephrectomy
Surgical removal of a kidney
Diarrhoea
- ↑ frequency, amount, consistency of bowel motions more than three times per day
Aetiology - ↓ fluid absorption due to e.g. laxatives, mal-absorption (pancreatitis) mucosal
damahe (chron's disease), ↓ suface area (bowel resection)
- ↑ fluid secretion: tumour, infectious, hormonal
Motility disturbances e.g. IBS, gastric resection/bypass
Crohn's disease
It is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation of the GI tract,
which extends from your stomach all the way down to your anus
•The colon has a thickened wall, mucosa loses its regular folds.
Ulcerative colitis
An inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in
your digestive tract.
- Affects superficial mucosa rectum & colon
Causes of constipation
, - Colonic disorder e.g. IBS, volvulus, diverticular disease
- Opioid use (e.g. morphine) in post surgical pts
- Drugs induced e.g. laxative abuse, antidepressants, antacids
- Stroke, diabetes, spinal cord lesions
- Pregnancy
What is cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Associated with:
A mixture of particulate solids precipitated from bile. Consists of cholesterol crystals,
calcium bilirubinate pigment, and other calcium salts.
Acute cholecystitis S+S
• Pain + rigidity of upper abdomen
• Pain radiates to mid sternum or right shoulder region
• Associated with nausea and vomiting.
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
Biopsy
examination of tissue from the living body to discover the presence, cause, or extension
of disease
Wide local excision
removing a small area of diseased or problematic tissue with a margin of normal tissue
Endoscopy
Examination of the inside of the body using a lighted flexible instrument
Anastomosis
Surgical connection between parts of the body, commonly the intestine
Hepatic
Acting on or occurring in the liver
Intussusception
A life-threatening illness and occurs when a portion of the intestine folds like a
telescope, with one segment slipping inside another segment
Laparoscopy
A type of keyhole surgery (laparotomy) used with a laparoscope to make a small
incision to examine the abdominal cavity
Metastasis
Spreading of the disease to another area of the body
,Sepsis
The presence of pus forming bacteria or toxins in the blood or tissues
Nephrectomy
Surgical removal of a kidney
Diarrhoea
- ↑ frequency, amount, consistency of bowel motions more than three times per day
Aetiology - ↓ fluid absorption due to e.g. laxatives, mal-absorption (pancreatitis) mucosal
damahe (chron's disease), ↓ suface area (bowel resection)
- ↑ fluid secretion: tumour, infectious, hormonal
Motility disturbances e.g. IBS, gastric resection/bypass
Crohn's disease
It is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation of the GI tract,
which extends from your stomach all the way down to your anus
•The colon has a thickened wall, mucosa loses its regular folds.
Ulcerative colitis
An inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in
your digestive tract.
- Affects superficial mucosa rectum & colon
Causes of constipation
, - Colonic disorder e.g. IBS, volvulus, diverticular disease
- Opioid use (e.g. morphine) in post surgical pts
- Drugs induced e.g. laxative abuse, antidepressants, antacids
- Stroke, diabetes, spinal cord lesions
- Pregnancy
What is cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Associated with:
A mixture of particulate solids precipitated from bile. Consists of cholesterol crystals,
calcium bilirubinate pigment, and other calcium salts.
Acute cholecystitis S+S
• Pain + rigidity of upper abdomen
• Pain radiates to mid sternum or right shoulder region
• Associated with nausea and vomiting.
