BNKN602 RESP EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Interventions for PE
Administer prescribed anticoagulant/thrombolytics
position upright to help with air intake
administer analgesics as prescribed to help with pain
administer oxygen therapy to help reduce hypoxia
reassurance to help reduce SNS- education helps with this to help them know what is
happening (plan/interventions)- family involvement
What is the underlying pathophysiology for COPD
Both Chronic bronchitis and emphysemia accepted due to similarities.
1.microrganism inhaled
2. wide spread inflammation
3. leukocytes and lymphocytes infiltrate bronchial walls4. mucus lining of walls swells
5. fluid leaks and causes cough (clear secretions)
6. narrowing of airways, secretions thicken less ventilation
7. mucus in airways causes resistance in small airways
8- impaired v/q perfusion (gas exchange)
List three priority nursing assessments for COPD and rationale
1. Airway patency is it obstructed or partially or clear to establish (listen for crackles or
wheeze to judge risk of obstruction)
,2. regular Vitals and EWS to get a baseline of observations and observe for changes
3.. posterior chest exam to listen for crackles/ wheeze and observe difficulty of
breathing
interventions for COPD
- Pursed lip breathing assist with expiration and overcome gas trapping (not all air is
exhaled)
- HOB elevated to allow for ease of airway to take in air
- Cough enhancement to help clear mucus/excretions
Patho of Asthma
1) Allergen enters the respiratory tract.
2) Immune response stimulated
3) Chemical mediators released
4) Vasodilation causes fluid to leak into tissues = oedema
5) Airway hyper responsiveness causes bronchospasm
6) Increase mucous from goblet cells further obstructs air entry
7) Gas trapping from bronchoconstriction results in hypercapnia
Assessments for Asthma and rationale
Posterior Chest exam- note for sounds of wheeze and bronchospasm and monitor for
worsening of symptoms-resp failure
WOB- potential exhaustion from muscle use increased risk of airway collapse- resp
distress,
vitals- monitor for deterioration/early detection/baseline,
peak flow measurement help to monitor symptoms/baseline/ airway obstruction
, CRT potential hypoxemia, hypoxia
presence of cough- the presence of congestion.
airway patency risk of obstruction
Interventions for Asthma and rationale
-Elevation of bed to sitting postion to help open airways
-Administer prescribed bronchodilators, corticosteroids and inhalers/spacer to help open
airway/bronchodilation/antiinflammatory
- oxygen therapy to reduce hypoxemia and hypoxia
- rest and reassurance to reduced SNS and WOB-family involvement/pt education to
know whats happening.
- adequate fluid intake to help thin secretions.
Patho of tuberculosis
1) Mycobacteria inhaled, transmitted to alveoli
2) Mycobacteria multiplies
3) Inflammatory response occurs
4) Live and dead bacilli form granulomas and forms Gohn tubercle
5) Gohn tubercle becomes necrotic, forming a cheesy mass which calcifies or forms a
scar = Disease is dormant
6) If cheesy mass is released into the alveoli the bacteria becomes airborne and
spreads = Disease is active
patho of pulmonary embolism
1) Thrombus formation in peripheral circulation
2) Thrombus dislodges
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Interventions for PE
Administer prescribed anticoagulant/thrombolytics
position upright to help with air intake
administer analgesics as prescribed to help with pain
administer oxygen therapy to help reduce hypoxia
reassurance to help reduce SNS- education helps with this to help them know what is
happening (plan/interventions)- family involvement
What is the underlying pathophysiology for COPD
Both Chronic bronchitis and emphysemia accepted due to similarities.
1.microrganism inhaled
2. wide spread inflammation
3. leukocytes and lymphocytes infiltrate bronchial walls4. mucus lining of walls swells
5. fluid leaks and causes cough (clear secretions)
6. narrowing of airways, secretions thicken less ventilation
7. mucus in airways causes resistance in small airways
8- impaired v/q perfusion (gas exchange)
List three priority nursing assessments for COPD and rationale
1. Airway patency is it obstructed or partially or clear to establish (listen for crackles or
wheeze to judge risk of obstruction)
,2. regular Vitals and EWS to get a baseline of observations and observe for changes
3.. posterior chest exam to listen for crackles/ wheeze and observe difficulty of
breathing
interventions for COPD
- Pursed lip breathing assist with expiration and overcome gas trapping (not all air is
exhaled)
- HOB elevated to allow for ease of airway to take in air
- Cough enhancement to help clear mucus/excretions
Patho of Asthma
1) Allergen enters the respiratory tract.
2) Immune response stimulated
3) Chemical mediators released
4) Vasodilation causes fluid to leak into tissues = oedema
5) Airway hyper responsiveness causes bronchospasm
6) Increase mucous from goblet cells further obstructs air entry
7) Gas trapping from bronchoconstriction results in hypercapnia
Assessments for Asthma and rationale
Posterior Chest exam- note for sounds of wheeze and bronchospasm and monitor for
worsening of symptoms-resp failure
WOB- potential exhaustion from muscle use increased risk of airway collapse- resp
distress,
vitals- monitor for deterioration/early detection/baseline,
peak flow measurement help to monitor symptoms/baseline/ airway obstruction
, CRT potential hypoxemia, hypoxia
presence of cough- the presence of congestion.
airway patency risk of obstruction
Interventions for Asthma and rationale
-Elevation of bed to sitting postion to help open airways
-Administer prescribed bronchodilators, corticosteroids and inhalers/spacer to help open
airway/bronchodilation/antiinflammatory
- oxygen therapy to reduce hypoxemia and hypoxia
- rest and reassurance to reduced SNS and WOB-family involvement/pt education to
know whats happening.
- adequate fluid intake to help thin secretions.
Patho of tuberculosis
1) Mycobacteria inhaled, transmitted to alveoli
2) Mycobacteria multiplies
3) Inflammatory response occurs
4) Live and dead bacilli form granulomas and forms Gohn tubercle
5) Gohn tubercle becomes necrotic, forming a cheesy mass which calcifies or forms a
scar = Disease is dormant
6) If cheesy mass is released into the alveoli the bacteria becomes airborne and
spreads = Disease is active
patho of pulmonary embolism
1) Thrombus formation in peripheral circulation
2) Thrombus dislodges
