BNKN602 NEUROLOGICAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++

BNKN602 NEUROLOGICAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Traumatic brain injury brain suffers trauma to neural tissue causing either damage to brain at site of impact (coup) or damage to opposite side of impact (centrecoup). secondary damage may cause swelling, bleeding or inflammation, this decreases blood flow and increases ICP. This can lead to ischaemia/hypoxia, neuron death and interrupt normal brain function Traumatic brain injury signs and symptoms cognitive deficits, motor impairments, change in behaviour, poor pupillary reaction Stroke an altered blood supply to the brain causing low O2 and nutrients, death of neuron's. Triggers inflammatory response causing further brain damage Stroke signs and symptoms sudden numbness, confusion, difficulty speaking, walking or seeing, severe headache, weakness in one side of the body Ischaemic stroke caused by a blockage in a blood vessel that supplies the brain, often due to a blood clot or plaque buildup. This blockage restricts blood flow and oxygen to the affected brain tissue. Causes shortage of ATP, failure of ion pumps and excessive release of neurotransmitters, inflammatory mediators and free radicals leading to cell injury and death. Hemorrhagic stroke caused by a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, leading to bleeding (hemorrhage) in or around the brain. This bleeding increases pressure within the skull and damages brain tissue. Monroe-Kellie hypothesis a hypothesis that states that the sum of volume of brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and intracerebral blood is constant. An increase in one causes a decrease in either one or both the others Crushings triad Three signs indicating increased intracranial pressure: hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations Autonomic dysreflexia