BNKN602 - RESPIRATORY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

BNKN602 - RESPIRATORY EXAM QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS


LIST: four alterations in respiratory functioning

- ventilation/perfusion mismatch

- hypoventilation

- hyperventilation

- hypoxia

What is the goal of ventilation?

produce a normal carbon dioxide and oxygen level

What is the normal range for PaCO2?

35-45 mmHg

What is the normal range for O2?

95-100 mmHg

DEFINE: alveolar hyperventilation

excess ventilation, causing decreased CO2 in blood

AETIOLOGY: alveolar hyperventilation

- anxiety

- infection

- drugs

- acid/base balance

DEFINE: alveolar hypoventilation

, insufficient ventilation, causing increased CO2 in blood

AETIOLOGY: hypoxia

- ↓ haemoglobin + ↓ O2 carrying capacity of blood

- ↓ concentration of inspired O2 (high altitudes)

- diffusion impairments

- V/Q mismatch

LIST: five symptoms of hypoxia

- confusion

- tachycardia

- tachypnoea

- wheezing

- diaphoresis

What are the effects of breathing difficulty?

- increased O2 demand

- increased RR + depth of breathing

- decreased O2 available

What diseases does COPD encompass?

- emphysema

- chronic bronchitis

- chronic asthma

What is COPD characterised by?