BNKN602 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is the underlying pathophysiology of pneumonia?
1. Infectious microorganism reaches alveoli.
2. Macrophages overwhelmed, neutrophils recruited.
3. Neutrophils engulf alveoli producing fibrin-rich exudate
4. Exudate fills infected and neighbouring alveoli.
5. Exudate causes alveoli to stick together, reducing ventilation.
6. Oedema increases diffusion distance for gases, impairing gas exchange.
What is the first step of Emphysema?
Irritant
What are the three outcomes of Emphysema?
Cell apoptosis (death)
Pulmonary capillary bed reduced, increasing pressure in pulmonary artery.
Alveolar walls lose elasticity, increasing compliance (too stretchy).
You are looking after a patient who has recently been diagnosed with asthma.
You are the practice nurse responsible for providing an education session for.
Which of the following best describes the cause of their breathlessness?
Bronchospasm, increased mucous production and narrowing of airways
Metastasis is defined as:
, Cancer cells moving from their original location to other sites
A common side effect of chemotherapy includes:
Nausea and vomiting
You are caring for a patient who has right-sided paralysis and aphasia after an
embolic stroke that occurred two days ago. These symptoms indicate that:
The damage was probably in the left side of his cerebrum, probably in the frontal area.
Prolonged hypertension results in the following permanent change in the
vascular system:
Damage to the arterial walls
The nurse is concerned that their patient may be developing left heart failure.
Signs and symptoms of left heart failure include:
Dyspnea, orthopnea, and cough
The nurse measures the blood pressure of a 78-year-old patient and finds it to be
168/86 mmHg. An age-related change that contributes to this finding is:
Loss of elasticity in arterial vessels
During an assessment of a 63-year-old at the clinic, the patient tells the nurse that
for years they have taken an evening walk, but lately even a short walk causes leg
pain and muscle cramps. If they stop for a while, the pain goes away. The nurse
recognises this condition as:
Intermittent claudication due to peripheral ischaemia
You are talking to your patient several days following their myocardial infarction.
During this conversation, you explain that a myocardial infarction is:
A blockage of a coronary artery
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is the underlying pathophysiology of pneumonia?
1. Infectious microorganism reaches alveoli.
2. Macrophages overwhelmed, neutrophils recruited.
3. Neutrophils engulf alveoli producing fibrin-rich exudate
4. Exudate fills infected and neighbouring alveoli.
5. Exudate causes alveoli to stick together, reducing ventilation.
6. Oedema increases diffusion distance for gases, impairing gas exchange.
What is the first step of Emphysema?
Irritant
What are the three outcomes of Emphysema?
Cell apoptosis (death)
Pulmonary capillary bed reduced, increasing pressure in pulmonary artery.
Alveolar walls lose elasticity, increasing compliance (too stretchy).
You are looking after a patient who has recently been diagnosed with asthma.
You are the practice nurse responsible for providing an education session for.
Which of the following best describes the cause of their breathlessness?
Bronchospasm, increased mucous production and narrowing of airways
Metastasis is defined as:
, Cancer cells moving from their original location to other sites
A common side effect of chemotherapy includes:
Nausea and vomiting
You are caring for a patient who has right-sided paralysis and aphasia after an
embolic stroke that occurred two days ago. These symptoms indicate that:
The damage was probably in the left side of his cerebrum, probably in the frontal area.
Prolonged hypertension results in the following permanent change in the
vascular system:
Damage to the arterial walls
The nurse is concerned that their patient may be developing left heart failure.
Signs and symptoms of left heart failure include:
Dyspnea, orthopnea, and cough
The nurse measures the blood pressure of a 78-year-old patient and finds it to be
168/86 mmHg. An age-related change that contributes to this finding is:
Loss of elasticity in arterial vessels
During an assessment of a 63-year-old at the clinic, the patient tells the nurse that
for years they have taken an evening walk, but lately even a short walk causes leg
pain and muscle cramps. If they stop for a while, the pain goes away. The nurse
recognises this condition as:
Intermittent claudication due to peripheral ischaemia
You are talking to your patient several days following their myocardial infarction.
During this conversation, you explain that a myocardial infarction is:
A blockage of a coronary artery
