TOPIC 3.3 INDUSTRY
EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE
• Primary industry: an industry, such as farming, fishing, forestry and mining, that extracts raw
materials directly from the land or sea.
• Secondary industry: an industry that processes or manufactures primary raw materials (such as
steelmaking) assembles parts made by other industries (such as cars) or is part of the
construction industry.
• Tertiary industry: an occupation, such as health, education, transport and retailing, which
provides a service to people
EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE OF AN MEDC (E.G., UK)
• Primary Industry:
o Low proportion of people working in this sector.
o Reasons:
▪ Mechanisation of jobs in the primary sector.
▪ Exhaustion of primary resources (e.g., coal).
▪ Many resources are now imported.
• Secondary Industry:
o Declining number of workers.
o Reasons:
▪ Mechanisation as machines replace factory jobs.
• Tertiary Industry:
o Main area of growth.
o Characteristics:
▪ Most people work in hospitals, schools, offices, and financial services.
▪ Increased demand for leisure services due to more free time and greater
wealth.
▪ Growing availability of jobs in this sector.
, EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE OF AN LEDC (E.G., GHANA)
• Primary Industry:
o Majority of the workforce employed here.
o Reasons:
▪ Lack of machinery in farming, forestry, and mining.
▪ Farming is essential as many people grow their own food.
• Secondary Industry:
o Few workers in this sector.
o Reasons:
▪ Lack of factories due to the high cost of machinery.
▪ Multi-national companies rely on Ghana’s raw materials for manufacturing
elsewhere.
• Tertiary Industry:
o Larger than the secondary sector.
o Characteristics:
▪ Most informal jobs are in this sector.
▪ Growth in tourism-related jobs.
EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE OF A NIC (E.G., BRAZIL)
• Primary Industry:
o Large number of people still employed in farming.
• Tertiary Industry:
o Significant proportion of workers employed here.
o Reasons:
▪ Brazil’s growth as a tourist destination.
▪ Improvements in healthcare, education, and transport services.
EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE
• Primary industry: an industry, such as farming, fishing, forestry and mining, that extracts raw
materials directly from the land or sea.
• Secondary industry: an industry that processes or manufactures primary raw materials (such as
steelmaking) assembles parts made by other industries (such as cars) or is part of the
construction industry.
• Tertiary industry: an occupation, such as health, education, transport and retailing, which
provides a service to people
EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE OF AN MEDC (E.G., UK)
• Primary Industry:
o Low proportion of people working in this sector.
o Reasons:
▪ Mechanisation of jobs in the primary sector.
▪ Exhaustion of primary resources (e.g., coal).
▪ Many resources are now imported.
• Secondary Industry:
o Declining number of workers.
o Reasons:
▪ Mechanisation as machines replace factory jobs.
• Tertiary Industry:
o Main area of growth.
o Characteristics:
▪ Most people work in hospitals, schools, offices, and financial services.
▪ Increased demand for leisure services due to more free time and greater
wealth.
▪ Growing availability of jobs in this sector.
, EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE OF AN LEDC (E.G., GHANA)
• Primary Industry:
o Majority of the workforce employed here.
o Reasons:
▪ Lack of machinery in farming, forestry, and mining.
▪ Farming is essential as many people grow their own food.
• Secondary Industry:
o Few workers in this sector.
o Reasons:
▪ Lack of factories due to the high cost of machinery.
▪ Multi-national companies rely on Ghana’s raw materials for manufacturing
elsewhere.
• Tertiary Industry:
o Larger than the secondary sector.
o Characteristics:
▪ Most informal jobs are in this sector.
▪ Growth in tourism-related jobs.
EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE OF A NIC (E.G., BRAZIL)
• Primary Industry:
o Large number of people still employed in farming.
• Tertiary Industry:
o Significant proportion of workers employed here.
o Reasons:
▪ Brazil’s growth as a tourist destination.
▪ Improvements in healthcare, education, and transport services.
