Ivy Tech Sociology Final Exam
What are the key assumptions in the functionalist approach - answersa society is
cohesive if it consists of various intermediate groups which share the same norms.
The higher the level of integration between these intermediate groups, the more
cohesive society will be as a whole.
What are the key assumptions in the conflict approach - answerssociety is in a state of
perpetual conflict because of competition for limited resources. It holds that social order
is maintained by domination and power, rather than consensus and conformity.
According to conflict theory, those with wealth and power try to hold on to it by any
means possible, chiefly by suppressing the poor and powerless.
What are the key assumptions in the symbolic interactionist approaches? -
answersfocuses on the relationships among individuals within a society. Communication
—the exchange of meaning through language and symbols—is believed to be the way
in which people make sense of their social worlds
Who is Karl Marx?
Please summarize the Communist Manifesto and his contribution to the Sociological
understanding of society. - answersPhilosopher
Came up with Communist Manifesto: depicted all of history as a series of class
struggles (historical materialism), and predicted that the upcoming proletarian revolution
would sweep aside the capitalist system for good, making the workingmen the new
ruling class of the world.
Who are the founders of the Symbolic Interactionist perspective?
What are their major contributions?
Please include Cooley's "the looking glass self" and Mead's separation of the "Me" and
the "I". - answersGeorge Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley
Cooley: And so one by one, just in isolation and interaction like that, won't make you
think you're stupid or won't make you think you're intelligent, but if these patterns get
repeated again and again and again through your lifetime, you develop an image of
yourself that is given to you from without, from interaction with others.
, Mead: Mead's theory of the self is that it's completely social. He doesn't allow any room
for any kind of biological development of the self or biological development of the
personality.
the self is a product of our social interactions with other people that involves three steps:
1) The imagination of our appearance to other people and associated feelings; 2)
Imagining that others are evaluating our behavior; 3) We develop feelings and react to
the imaginary evaluations of ourselves as objects.
The "me" is the social self and the "I" is the response to the "me. " In other words, the "I"
is the response of an individual to the attitudes of others, while the "me" is the organized
set of attitudes of others which an individual assumes.
Define Sociology. - answersthe systematic study of the development, structure,
interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings
define socialization - answersthe process beginning during childhood by which
individuals acquire the values, habits, and attitudes of a society.
Define re-socialization - answersthe process of learning new attitudes and norms
required for a new social role.
Define gender socialization - answersthe process of learning the social expectations
and attitudes associated with one's sex.
Define racial socialization - answersthe developmental processes by which children
acquire the behaviors, perceptions, values, and attitudes of an ethnic group, and come
to see themselves and others as members of the group
Define acculturation - answersthe process of adopting the cultural traits or social
patterns of another group.
define culture shock - answersthe feeling of uncertainty, confusion, or anxiety that
people experience when visiting, doing business in, or living in a society that is different
from their own.
define cultural universal - answersinstitutions, elements, traits and patterns that are
found across the entire spectrum of human culture.
define anticipatory socialization - answersThe process of preparing for future roles and
statuses by learning and adopting new behaviors, norms, skills, and values
define social institution - answersa complex, integrated set of social norms organized
around the preservation of a basic societal value.
What are the key assumptions in the functionalist approach - answersa society is
cohesive if it consists of various intermediate groups which share the same norms.
The higher the level of integration between these intermediate groups, the more
cohesive society will be as a whole.
What are the key assumptions in the conflict approach - answerssociety is in a state of
perpetual conflict because of competition for limited resources. It holds that social order
is maintained by domination and power, rather than consensus and conformity.
According to conflict theory, those with wealth and power try to hold on to it by any
means possible, chiefly by suppressing the poor and powerless.
What are the key assumptions in the symbolic interactionist approaches? -
answersfocuses on the relationships among individuals within a society. Communication
—the exchange of meaning through language and symbols—is believed to be the way
in which people make sense of their social worlds
Who is Karl Marx?
Please summarize the Communist Manifesto and his contribution to the Sociological
understanding of society. - answersPhilosopher
Came up with Communist Manifesto: depicted all of history as a series of class
struggles (historical materialism), and predicted that the upcoming proletarian revolution
would sweep aside the capitalist system for good, making the workingmen the new
ruling class of the world.
Who are the founders of the Symbolic Interactionist perspective?
What are their major contributions?
Please include Cooley's "the looking glass self" and Mead's separation of the "Me" and
the "I". - answersGeorge Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley
Cooley: And so one by one, just in isolation and interaction like that, won't make you
think you're stupid or won't make you think you're intelligent, but if these patterns get
repeated again and again and again through your lifetime, you develop an image of
yourself that is given to you from without, from interaction with others.
, Mead: Mead's theory of the self is that it's completely social. He doesn't allow any room
for any kind of biological development of the self or biological development of the
personality.
the self is a product of our social interactions with other people that involves three steps:
1) The imagination of our appearance to other people and associated feelings; 2)
Imagining that others are evaluating our behavior; 3) We develop feelings and react to
the imaginary evaluations of ourselves as objects.
The "me" is the social self and the "I" is the response to the "me. " In other words, the "I"
is the response of an individual to the attitudes of others, while the "me" is the organized
set of attitudes of others which an individual assumes.
Define Sociology. - answersthe systematic study of the development, structure,
interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings
define socialization - answersthe process beginning during childhood by which
individuals acquire the values, habits, and attitudes of a society.
Define re-socialization - answersthe process of learning new attitudes and norms
required for a new social role.
Define gender socialization - answersthe process of learning the social expectations
and attitudes associated with one's sex.
Define racial socialization - answersthe developmental processes by which children
acquire the behaviors, perceptions, values, and attitudes of an ethnic group, and come
to see themselves and others as members of the group
Define acculturation - answersthe process of adopting the cultural traits or social
patterns of another group.
define culture shock - answersthe feeling of uncertainty, confusion, or anxiety that
people experience when visiting, doing business in, or living in a society that is different
from their own.
define cultural universal - answersinstitutions, elements, traits and patterns that are
found across the entire spectrum of human culture.
define anticipatory socialization - answersThe process of preparing for future roles and
statuses by learning and adopting new behaviors, norms, skills, and values
define social institution - answersa complex, integrated set of social norms organized
around the preservation of a basic societal value.
