Sociology 105 Final Exam
ethnic group - answersa group set apart from others because of its national origin or
distinctive cultural patterns
racial group - answersa group that is is socially set apart because of obvious physical
differences
pluralism - answersmutual respect between the various groups in a society for another's
cultures, allowing minorities to express their own culture without experiencing prejudice
or hostility
assimiliation - answersthe process by which a subordinate individual or group takes on
the characteristics of the dominant group
segregation - answersthe physical separation of two groups, often imposed on a
subordinate group by the dominant group
prejudice - answersa negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a
racial or ethnic minority
discrimination - answersthe denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and
groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons
scapegoat - answersa person or group blamed irrationally for another person's or
group's problems or difficulties
stereotype - answersunreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all numbers of a
group that do not take individual differences into account
informal economy - answerstransfers of money, goods, or services that are most
reported to the government common in inner-city neighborhood, and poverty-stricken
rural areas
self-fulfilling prophecy - answersthe tendency to respond to and act on the basis of
stereotypes, a predisposition that can lead one to validate false definitions
, dual labor market model - answersdivision of the economy into two areas of
employment, the secondary one of which is populated primarily by minorities working at
menial jobs
nativism - answersbeliefs and policies favoring native-born citizens over immigrants
xenophobia - answersthe fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners
minority - answersa subordinate group whose members have significantly less control
or power over their own lives than do the members of a dominant or majority group
refugee - answerspeople living outside their country of citizenship for fear of political or
religious persecution
marginality - answersthe status of being between two cultures at the same time, such as
the status of Jewish immigrants in the United States
ethnic paradox - answersthe maintenance of one's ethnic ties in a way that can assist
with assimilation in larger society
ethnocentrism - answersthe tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life are
superior to all others
denomination - answersa large, organized religion not officially linked with the state or
government
life chances - answerspeople's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods
positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences
melting pot - answersdiverse racial or ethnic groups or both, forming a new creation, a
new cultural entity
race - answersa group socially set apart because of obvious physical differences
nationality - answersthe status of belonging to a particular nation and an ethnic group
forming a part of one or more political nations
integration - answersthe process of becoming part of the culture that one lives in but is
not a part of
salad bowl - answersThe salad bowl metaphor is the imagery used to describe a
country that is ethnically diverse. As we can distinguish the lettuce from the tomatoes
from the peppers in a tossed salad, we can see ethnic restaurants and the persistence
of foreign languages in conversations on street corners. The dressing over the
ingredients is akin to the shared value system and culture, covering but not hiding the
different ingredients of a salad.
ethnic group - answersa group set apart from others because of its national origin or
distinctive cultural patterns
racial group - answersa group that is is socially set apart because of obvious physical
differences
pluralism - answersmutual respect between the various groups in a society for another's
cultures, allowing minorities to express their own culture without experiencing prejudice
or hostility
assimiliation - answersthe process by which a subordinate individual or group takes on
the characteristics of the dominant group
segregation - answersthe physical separation of two groups, often imposed on a
subordinate group by the dominant group
prejudice - answersa negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a
racial or ethnic minority
discrimination - answersthe denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and
groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons
scapegoat - answersa person or group blamed irrationally for another person's or
group's problems or difficulties
stereotype - answersunreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all numbers of a
group that do not take individual differences into account
informal economy - answerstransfers of money, goods, or services that are most
reported to the government common in inner-city neighborhood, and poverty-stricken
rural areas
self-fulfilling prophecy - answersthe tendency to respond to and act on the basis of
stereotypes, a predisposition that can lead one to validate false definitions
, dual labor market model - answersdivision of the economy into two areas of
employment, the secondary one of which is populated primarily by minorities working at
menial jobs
nativism - answersbeliefs and policies favoring native-born citizens over immigrants
xenophobia - answersthe fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners
minority - answersa subordinate group whose members have significantly less control
or power over their own lives than do the members of a dominant or majority group
refugee - answerspeople living outside their country of citizenship for fear of political or
religious persecution
marginality - answersthe status of being between two cultures at the same time, such as
the status of Jewish immigrants in the United States
ethnic paradox - answersthe maintenance of one's ethnic ties in a way that can assist
with assimilation in larger society
ethnocentrism - answersthe tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life are
superior to all others
denomination - answersa large, organized religion not officially linked with the state or
government
life chances - answerspeople's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods
positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences
melting pot - answersdiverse racial or ethnic groups or both, forming a new creation, a
new cultural entity
race - answersa group socially set apart because of obvious physical differences
nationality - answersthe status of belonging to a particular nation and an ethnic group
forming a part of one or more political nations
integration - answersthe process of becoming part of the culture that one lives in but is
not a part of
salad bowl - answersThe salad bowl metaphor is the imagery used to describe a
country that is ethnically diverse. As we can distinguish the lettuce from the tomatoes
from the peppers in a tossed salad, we can see ethnic restaurants and the persistence
of foreign languages in conversations on street corners. The dressing over the
ingredients is akin to the shared value system and culture, covering but not hiding the
different ingredients of a salad.
