Sociology 1301 Final Exam
Who coined the term Sociology - answersAuguste Comte. Founding father of sociology
What do Durkheim, Marx, and Webster have in common? - answersTheir collective
interest in explaining the ever present misery lurking within modern society
What are the steps in the research process - answers1. observation
2. hypothesis testing
3 analysis of data
4 generalization
What is the Hawthorne effect - answersAn effect first discovered while observing work
groups. The work groups increased their productivity as soon as they knew they were
being watched. (work harder when watched)
People who deviate from the binary system of gender are refered to as? -
answerstransgendered
What is miscegenation - answersThe mixing of different racial groups through marriage,
cohabitation, sexual relations.
Arlie Hoschild's study of the effect of speed up of families. - answersCreated the second
shift theory. When a mother comes home after a long day at work she comes home to
her "second shift" of mother chores= role conflict
Symbolic interactionism - answersmost likely to focus on communication between
husband and wife
What is conflict theory? - answersA theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role of
power and coercion in producing social order.
What are norms? - answersSpecific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given
situation.
What are the two types of norms stated by William Summer - answersFolkways-
general standards of behavior adhered to by a group
Mores- strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior
,What is the strictest form of norms - answersTaboos
What is role? - answersExpected behavior associated with a given status in society
What is a primary group? - answersGroups consisting of intimate, face to face
interaction and relatively long lasting relationships
Who introduced primary groups? - answersCharles Horton Cooley
What is participant observation? - answerssociological research technique in which the
researcher becomes both the participant and the observer of what he or she studies.
What is the looking glass self? - answersexplains how a person conception of self
arises through considering our relationship to others
What is the purpose of a deterrent? - answersFor criminals to not want to repeat a
crime.
What is differential association? - answersInterprets deviance including criminal
behavior, as behavior one learns through interactions with others.
What theory is differential association associated with? - answersSymbolic interaction
theory
What is institutional racism? - answersForm of racism where the negative treatment and
oppression of one racial of ethnic group by society's existing institutions based on the
presume inferiority of the oppressed group
How does Durkheim view institutional racism? - answersRacism exists at the social
structure level rather than the individual level
What is ethnicity? - answersgroup of people that share a certain culture
What is discrimination? - answersOvert negative and unequal treatment of the members
of some social group or stratum solely because of their membership in that group or
stratum.
What is the difference between ascribed status and achieved status - answersAchieved
is those qualities attained by virtue or individual effort.
Ascribed is when you are born with that quality.
What are the tools of sociologists? - answers1. Observation
2. Reasoning
3. Logical analysis
, What is sociology? - answersThe study of human behavior in society.
What is debunking? - answersLooking behind everyday life, look for "behind the scene"
patterns and behaviors that shape what they observe in the social world.
The writer of Sociological Imagination was? - answersC. Wright Mills
Jean Piagets work is associated with what theory? - answersTransformed early social
learning theory from a mechanical perspective to a more dynamic interpretation
What are the stages of Piagets cognitive development theory? - answers1.
Sensorimotor stage
2. Preoperational stage
3. Concrete operational stage
4.Formal operational stage
What is social stratification? - answersSystem of structured social inequality
Who are the nouveau riche? - answersUpper class with newly acquired rich
Which country has the greater sharing of domestic responsibility? - answersChina
What are the three R's in education? - answers-Reading
-Writing
-Arithmetic
What is monotheism? - answersBelief in one god (Christianity, Jewish)
What is polytheism? - answersBelief in many gods (hinduism)
What is the largest religion in the world? - answersChristianity
What are cults? - answersA religious group devoted to a specific cause of charismatic
leader
What is social deviance? - answersDeviance is behavior that violates expected rules
and norms.
What is formal deviance? - answersBehavior that breaks laws or official rules (crimes)
What are the formal sanctions against formal deviance? - answersImprisonment and
fines
Anorexia is most likely to affect what group? - answersYoung white women from well to
do families
Who coined the term Sociology - answersAuguste Comte. Founding father of sociology
What do Durkheim, Marx, and Webster have in common? - answersTheir collective
interest in explaining the ever present misery lurking within modern society
What are the steps in the research process - answers1. observation
2. hypothesis testing
3 analysis of data
4 generalization
What is the Hawthorne effect - answersAn effect first discovered while observing work
groups. The work groups increased their productivity as soon as they knew they were
being watched. (work harder when watched)
People who deviate from the binary system of gender are refered to as? -
answerstransgendered
What is miscegenation - answersThe mixing of different racial groups through marriage,
cohabitation, sexual relations.
Arlie Hoschild's study of the effect of speed up of families. - answersCreated the second
shift theory. When a mother comes home after a long day at work she comes home to
her "second shift" of mother chores= role conflict
Symbolic interactionism - answersmost likely to focus on communication between
husband and wife
What is conflict theory? - answersA theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role of
power and coercion in producing social order.
What are norms? - answersSpecific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given
situation.
What are the two types of norms stated by William Summer - answersFolkways-
general standards of behavior adhered to by a group
Mores- strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior
,What is the strictest form of norms - answersTaboos
What is role? - answersExpected behavior associated with a given status in society
What is a primary group? - answersGroups consisting of intimate, face to face
interaction and relatively long lasting relationships
Who introduced primary groups? - answersCharles Horton Cooley
What is participant observation? - answerssociological research technique in which the
researcher becomes both the participant and the observer of what he or she studies.
What is the looking glass self? - answersexplains how a person conception of self
arises through considering our relationship to others
What is the purpose of a deterrent? - answersFor criminals to not want to repeat a
crime.
What is differential association? - answersInterprets deviance including criminal
behavior, as behavior one learns through interactions with others.
What theory is differential association associated with? - answersSymbolic interaction
theory
What is institutional racism? - answersForm of racism where the negative treatment and
oppression of one racial of ethnic group by society's existing institutions based on the
presume inferiority of the oppressed group
How does Durkheim view institutional racism? - answersRacism exists at the social
structure level rather than the individual level
What is ethnicity? - answersgroup of people that share a certain culture
What is discrimination? - answersOvert negative and unequal treatment of the members
of some social group or stratum solely because of their membership in that group or
stratum.
What is the difference between ascribed status and achieved status - answersAchieved
is those qualities attained by virtue or individual effort.
Ascribed is when you are born with that quality.
What are the tools of sociologists? - answers1. Observation
2. Reasoning
3. Logical analysis
, What is sociology? - answersThe study of human behavior in society.
What is debunking? - answersLooking behind everyday life, look for "behind the scene"
patterns and behaviors that shape what they observe in the social world.
The writer of Sociological Imagination was? - answersC. Wright Mills
Jean Piagets work is associated with what theory? - answersTransformed early social
learning theory from a mechanical perspective to a more dynamic interpretation
What are the stages of Piagets cognitive development theory? - answers1.
Sensorimotor stage
2. Preoperational stage
3. Concrete operational stage
4.Formal operational stage
What is social stratification? - answersSystem of structured social inequality
Who are the nouveau riche? - answersUpper class with newly acquired rich
Which country has the greater sharing of domestic responsibility? - answersChina
What are the three R's in education? - answers-Reading
-Writing
-Arithmetic
What is monotheism? - answersBelief in one god (Christianity, Jewish)
What is polytheism? - answersBelief in many gods (hinduism)
What is the largest religion in the world? - answersChristianity
What are cults? - answersA religious group devoted to a specific cause of charismatic
leader
What is social deviance? - answersDeviance is behavior that violates expected rules
and norms.
What is formal deviance? - answersBehavior that breaks laws or official rules (crimes)
What are the formal sanctions against formal deviance? - answersImprisonment and
fines
Anorexia is most likely to affect what group? - answersYoung white women from well to
do families
