Sociology Final Exam Chapters 1-11
Sociology - answersThe study of human behavior in society
sociological imagination - answersThe ability to see societal patterns that influence the
individual; including groups of individuals
Troubles - answersprivately felt problems that come from events or feelings in one
individual's life
Issues - answersaffect large numbers of people
Emile Durkheim - answersFunctionalist studied the norms and customs of society
Karl Marx - answersconflict theorist; showed how capitalism shaped the development of
society
Conflict Theory - answersa theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role of power
and coercion in producing social order
Anomie - answersThe breakdown of social norms
Auguste Comte - answersfather of sociology
Functionalism - answersemphasizes the stability and integration in society
Marx Weber - answersexplained society through cultural, political, and economic factors
Feminist Theory - answersthe analysis of women and men in society and is intended to
improve women's lives
Culture - answersthe complex system of meaning and behavior that defines the way of
life for a given group or society
Characteristics of Culture - answersshared, learned, taken for granted, symbolic
Dominant culture - answersthe culture of the most powerful group in society
Subculture - answersIndividual's values and norms that differ to some degree from
those of the dominant culture
Example of subculture - answersVampires
, Counterculture - answerssubcultures created as a reaction against the values of the
dominant culture
material culture - answersthe art, housing, clothing, sports, dances, foods; consists of
objects created in society
nonmaterial culture - answersvalues, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms,customs
importance of symbols - answersThe meaning it holds for people
culture relativism - answersthe idea that something can be understood and judged only
in relationship to the cultural context in which it appears
language - answersa set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols that are used
for communication: English, Spanish
Norms - answersspecific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation:
having manners
Folkways - answersthe general standards of behavior adhered to by a group: cultural
form of dress food habits
Mores - answersstrict norms that control moral and ethical behavior: Formal laws
Values - answersthe abstract standards in a society or group that define ideal principles:
Liberty, freedom
Beliefs - answersshared ideas about what is true held collectively by people within a
given culture:
Ethnocentrism - answersThe habit of only seeing thing's only from the point of view of
one's own group
Multiculturalism - answersA perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United
States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions
social sanctions - answersapplied when norms are violated
Steps in the Research Process - answers1. Participant observation
2.Survey research
3. Use of official records or interviews
4. statistical analysis of qualitative data
probability sampling - answersA type of sampling in which every element in the
population being studied has a known chance of being selected for study
Sociology - answersThe study of human behavior in society
sociological imagination - answersThe ability to see societal patterns that influence the
individual; including groups of individuals
Troubles - answersprivately felt problems that come from events or feelings in one
individual's life
Issues - answersaffect large numbers of people
Emile Durkheim - answersFunctionalist studied the norms and customs of society
Karl Marx - answersconflict theorist; showed how capitalism shaped the development of
society
Conflict Theory - answersa theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role of power
and coercion in producing social order
Anomie - answersThe breakdown of social norms
Auguste Comte - answersfather of sociology
Functionalism - answersemphasizes the stability and integration in society
Marx Weber - answersexplained society through cultural, political, and economic factors
Feminist Theory - answersthe analysis of women and men in society and is intended to
improve women's lives
Culture - answersthe complex system of meaning and behavior that defines the way of
life for a given group or society
Characteristics of Culture - answersshared, learned, taken for granted, symbolic
Dominant culture - answersthe culture of the most powerful group in society
Subculture - answersIndividual's values and norms that differ to some degree from
those of the dominant culture
Example of subculture - answersVampires
, Counterculture - answerssubcultures created as a reaction against the values of the
dominant culture
material culture - answersthe art, housing, clothing, sports, dances, foods; consists of
objects created in society
nonmaterial culture - answersvalues, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms,customs
importance of symbols - answersThe meaning it holds for people
culture relativism - answersthe idea that something can be understood and judged only
in relationship to the cultural context in which it appears
language - answersa set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols that are used
for communication: English, Spanish
Norms - answersspecific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation:
having manners
Folkways - answersthe general standards of behavior adhered to by a group: cultural
form of dress food habits
Mores - answersstrict norms that control moral and ethical behavior: Formal laws
Values - answersthe abstract standards in a society or group that define ideal principles:
Liberty, freedom
Beliefs - answersshared ideas about what is true held collectively by people within a
given culture:
Ethnocentrism - answersThe habit of only seeing thing's only from the point of view of
one's own group
Multiculturalism - answersA perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United
States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions
social sanctions - answersapplied when norms are violated
Steps in the Research Process - answers1. Participant observation
2.Survey research
3. Use of official records or interviews
4. statistical analysis of qualitative data
probability sampling - answersA type of sampling in which every element in the
population being studied has a known chance of being selected for study
