Grade 12
Organic Chemistry – Specific Name Reactions
Class XII
Sandmeyer Reaction
The Cl , Br and CN nucleophiles can easily be introduced in the benzene ring of benzene diazonium salt in the
presence of Cu(I) ion. This reaction is called Sandmeyer reaction.
Gatterman Reaction
Chlorine or bromine can be introduced in the benzene ring by treating the benzene diazonium salt solution with
corresponding halogen acid in the presence of copper powder. This is referred as Gatterman reaction.
Note: The yield in Sandmeyer reaction is found to be better than Gattermann reaction.
Balz-Schiemann Reaction
When arenediazonium chloride is treated with fluoroboric acid, arene diazonium fluoroborate is precipitated
which on heating decomposes to yield aryl fluoride.
Finkelstein Reaction
Alkyl iodides are often prepared by the reaction of alkyl chlorides/ bromides with NaI in dry acetone. This
reaction is known as Finkelstein reaction.
Note: This reaction in forward direction can be favoured by precipitating NaX formed in dry acetone (according
to Le Chatelier’s principle).
, Grade 12
Swarts Reaction
Heating an alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride such as AgF, Hg 2F2, CoF2 or SbF3 gives
alkyl fluorides. The reaction is termed as Swarts reaction.
Note: Finkelstein Reaction and Swarts Reaction are known as halogen exchange reaction.
Wurtz Reaction
Alkyl halides react with sodium in dry ether to give hydrocarbons containing double the number of carbon atoms
present in the halide. This reaction is known as Wurtz reaction.
Wurtz-Fittig Reaction
A mixture of an alkyl halide and aryl halide gives an alkylarene when treated with sodium in dry ether and is
called Wurtz-Fittig reaction.
Fittig Reaction
Aryl halides also give analogous compounds when treated with sodium in dry ether, in which two aryl groups are
joined together. It is called Fittig reaction.
Friedel-Crafts alkylation Reaction
When benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, alkylbenene is
formed.
Organic Chemistry – Specific Name Reactions
Class XII
Sandmeyer Reaction
The Cl , Br and CN nucleophiles can easily be introduced in the benzene ring of benzene diazonium salt in the
presence of Cu(I) ion. This reaction is called Sandmeyer reaction.
Gatterman Reaction
Chlorine or bromine can be introduced in the benzene ring by treating the benzene diazonium salt solution with
corresponding halogen acid in the presence of copper powder. This is referred as Gatterman reaction.
Note: The yield in Sandmeyer reaction is found to be better than Gattermann reaction.
Balz-Schiemann Reaction
When arenediazonium chloride is treated with fluoroboric acid, arene diazonium fluoroborate is precipitated
which on heating decomposes to yield aryl fluoride.
Finkelstein Reaction
Alkyl iodides are often prepared by the reaction of alkyl chlorides/ bromides with NaI in dry acetone. This
reaction is known as Finkelstein reaction.
Note: This reaction in forward direction can be favoured by precipitating NaX formed in dry acetone (according
to Le Chatelier’s principle).
, Grade 12
Swarts Reaction
Heating an alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride such as AgF, Hg 2F2, CoF2 or SbF3 gives
alkyl fluorides. The reaction is termed as Swarts reaction.
Note: Finkelstein Reaction and Swarts Reaction are known as halogen exchange reaction.
Wurtz Reaction
Alkyl halides react with sodium in dry ether to give hydrocarbons containing double the number of carbon atoms
present in the halide. This reaction is known as Wurtz reaction.
Wurtz-Fittig Reaction
A mixture of an alkyl halide and aryl halide gives an alkylarene when treated with sodium in dry ether and is
called Wurtz-Fittig reaction.
Fittig Reaction
Aryl halides also give analogous compounds when treated with sodium in dry ether, in which two aryl groups are
joined together. It is called Fittig reaction.
Friedel-Crafts alkylation Reaction
When benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, alkylbenene is
formed.
