, Applied
Biopharmaceutics &
Pharmacokinetics
, Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in
treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed
to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted
at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither
the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work
warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsi-
bility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers
are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers
are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be
certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended
dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with
new or infrequently used drugs.
, Applied
Biopharmaceutics &
Pharmacokinetics Seventh Edition
EDITORS
Leon Shargel, PhD, RPh
Applied Biopharmaceutics, LLC
Raleigh, North Carolina
Affiliate Professor, School of Pharmacy
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy
University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
Andrew B.C. Yu, PhD, RPh
Registered Pharmacist
Gaithersburg, Maryland
Formerly Associate Professor of Pharmaceutics
Albany College of Pharmacy
Albany, New York
Formerly CDER, FDA
Silver Spring, Maryland
New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto
Biopharmaceutics &
Pharmacokinetics
, Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in
treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed
to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted
at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither
the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work
warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsi-
bility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers
are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers
are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be
certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended
dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with
new or infrequently used drugs.
, Applied
Biopharmaceutics &
Pharmacokinetics Seventh Edition
EDITORS
Leon Shargel, PhD, RPh
Applied Biopharmaceutics, LLC
Raleigh, North Carolina
Affiliate Professor, School of Pharmacy
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy
University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
Andrew B.C. Yu, PhD, RPh
Registered Pharmacist
Gaithersburg, Maryland
Formerly Associate Professor of Pharmaceutics
Albany College of Pharmacy
Albany, New York
Formerly CDER, FDA
Silver Spring, Maryland
New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto
