Test Bank For Pathophysiology 9thEdition McCance The Biologic Basis or Disease in Adults and Children By Juliah Rogers

Test Bank For Pathophysiology 9th Edition McCance The Biologic Bas
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is for Disease in Adults and Children By Julia Rogers
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TEST BANKh

,Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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McCance/Huether:hPathophysiology:hThehBiologichBasishofhDiseasehinhAdultshandhChildren,h9thhEdition


MULTIPLEhCHOICE

1. Whichhstatementhbesthdescribeshthehcellularhfunctionhofhmetabolichabsorption?
a. Cellshcanhproducehproteins.
b. Cellshcanhsecretehdigestivehenzymes.
c. Cellshcanhtakehinhandhusehnutrients.
d. Cellshcanhsynthesizehfats.
ANS:h C
Inhmetabolichabsorption,hallhcellshtakehinhandhusehnutrientshandhotherhsubstanceshfromhtheirhsurro
undings.hThehremaininghoptionsharehnothinclusivehinhtheirhdescriptionshofhcellularhmetabolichabs
orption.

PTS:h h 1 DIF:h CognitivehLevel:hRemembering

2. Wherehishmosthofhahcell’shgenetichinformation,hincludinghRNAhandhDNA,hcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:h C
Thehnucleushcontainshthehnucleolus,hahsmallhdensehstructurehcomposedhlargelyhofhRNA,hmostho
fhthehcellularhDNA,handhthehDNA-
bindinghproteins,hsuchhashthehhistones,hwhichhregulatehitshactivity.hThehmitochondriaharehrespo
nsiblehforhcellularhrespirationhandhenergyhproduction.
Ribosomes’hchiefhfunctionhishtohprovidehsiteshforhcellularhproteinhsynthesis.hLysosomeshf
unctionhashthehintracellularhdigestivehsystem.

PTS:h h 1 DIF:h CognitivehLevel:hRemembering

3. Whichhcomponenthofhthehcellhproduceshhydrogenhperoxideh(H2O2)hbyhusinghoxygenhtohremovehh
ydrogenhatomshfromhspecifichsubstrateshinhanhoxidativehreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:h B

Peroxisomesharehsohnamedhbecausehtheyhusuallyhcontainhenzymeshthathusehoxygenhtohremovehh
ydrogenhatomshfromhspecifichsubstrateshinhanhoxidativehreactionhthathproduceshH2O2,hwhichhishah
powerfulhoxidanthandhpotentiallyhdestructivehifhithaccumulateshorhescapeshfromhperoxisomes.hRi
bosomesharehRNA-
proteinhcomplexesh(nucleoproteins)hthatharehsynthesizedhinhthehnucleolushandhsecretedhintohthehc
ytoplasmhthroughhporeshinhthehnuclearhenvelopehcalledhnuclearhporehcomplexes.hLysosomeshar
ehsaclikehstructureshthathoriginatehfromhthehGolgihcomplexhandhcontainhmorehthanh40hdigestiveh
enzymeshcalledhhydrolases,hwhichhcatalyzehbondshinhproteins,hlipids,hnucleichacids,handhcarboh
ydrates.hAnhendosomehishahvesicalhthathhashbeenhpinchedhoffhfromhthehcellularhmembrane.

PTS:h h 1 DIF:h CognitivehLevel:hRemembering

4. Whichhcellhcomponenthishcapablehofhcellularhautodigestionhwhenhithishreleasedhduringhcellhi
njury?

, a. Ribosome
b. Golgihcomplex
c. Smoothhendoplasmichreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS:h D
Thehlysosomalhmembranehactshashahprotectivehshieldhbetweenhthehpowerfulhdigestivehenzymesh
withinhthehlysosomehandhthehcytoplasm,hpreventinghtheirhleakagehintohthehcytoplasmichmatrix.h
Disruptionhofhthehmembranehbyhvarioushtreatmentshorhcellularhinjuryhleadshtohahreleasehofhthehl
ysosomalhenzymes,hwhichhcanhthenhreacthwithhtheirhspecifichsubstrates,hcausinghcellular
self-
digestion.hThehchiefhfunctionhofhahribosomehishtohprovidehsiteshforhcellularhproteinhsynthesis.hTh
ehGolgihcomplexhishahnetworkhofhflattened,hsmoothhvesicleshandhmembraneshoftenhlocatedhnearhth
ehcellhnucleus.hThehsmoothhendoplasmichreticulumhishinvolvedhinhsteroidhhormonehproductionha
ndhremovinghtoxichsubstanceshfromhthehcell.

PTS:h h 1 DIF:h CognitivehLevel:hRemembering

5. WhichhcAMP-mediatedhresponsehishrelatedhtohantidiuretichhormone?
a. Increasedhhearthratehandhforcehofhcontraction
b. Secretionhofhcortisol
c. Increasedhretentionhofhwater
d. Breakdownhofhfat
ANS:h C
Antidiuretichhormonehleadshtohincreasedhretentionhofhwaterhinhthehbody.hEpinephrinehcauseshi
ncreaseshinhhearthratehandhforcehofhcontraction.hIncreasedhcortisolhsecretionhishduehtohACTH.hB
reakdownhofhfathishduehtohglucagon.

PTS:h h 1 DIF:h CognitivehLevel:hRemembering

6. DuringhwhichhphasehofhthehcellhcyclehishDNAhsynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS:h B


Thehfourhdesignatedhphaseshofhthehcellhcyclehare:h(1)hthehG1hphaseh(Gh=hgap),hwhichhishthehperio
dhbetweenhthehMhphaseh(Mh=hmitosis)handhthehstarthofhDNAhsynthesis;h(2)hthehShphaseh(S
=hsynthesis),hduringhwhichhDNAhishsynthesizedhinhthehcellhnucleus;h(3)hthehG2h phase,hduringhwhi
chhRNAhandhproteinhsynthesishoccurs,hthehperiodhbetweenhthehcompletionhofhDNAhsynthesishan
dhthehnexthphaseh(M);handh(4)hthehMhphase,hwhichhincludeshnuclearhandhcytoplasmichdivision.

PTS:h h 1 DIF: CognitivehLevel:hRemembering

7. Whathorganichcompoundhfacilitateshtransportationhacrosshcellhmembraneshbyhactinghashr
eceptors,htransporthchannelshforhelectrolytes,handhenzymeshtohdrivehactivehpumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS:h C
Proteinshhavehseveralhfunctions,hincludinghactinghashreceptors,htransporthchannelshforhelectrolyt
es,handhenzymeshtohdrivehactivehpumpshLipidshhelphacthashtheh“glue”hholdinghcellhmembraneshto
gether.hProteaseshcausehthehbreakdownhofhprotein.hCarbohydratesharehinvolvedhinhcellularhprotect
ionhandhlubricationhandhhelphproducehenergyhviahoxidativehphosphorylation.

, PTS:h h 1 DIF: CognitivehLevel:hRemembering

8. Understandinghthehvarioushstepshofhproteolytichcascadeshmayhbehusefulhinhdesigninghdrught
herapyhforhwhichhhumanhdiseases?
a. Cardiachandhvascularhdisorders
b. Autoimmunehandhmalignanthdisorders
c. Gastrointestinalhandhrenalhdisorders
d. Endocrinehandhgastrointestinalhdisorders
ANS:h B
Understandinghthehvarioushstepshinvolvedhinhthishprocesshishcrucialhforhdesigninghdrughintervent
ions.hDysregulationhofhproteaseshfeatureshprominentlyhinhmanyhhumanhdiseases,hincludinghcance
r,hautoimmunity,handhneurodegenerativehdisorders.hCardiac,hvascular,hgastrointestinal,hrenal,ha
ndhendocrinehdisordershdohnothinvolvehthishprocess.

PTS:h h 1 DIF: CognitivehLevel:hRemembering

9. Whichhstructurehpreventshwater-
solublehmoleculeshfromhenteringhcellshacrosshthehplasmahmembrane?
a. Carbohydratehchains
b. Glycoproteinhchannels
c. Membranehchannelhproteins
d. Lipidhbilayer
ANS:h D

Thehbilayer’shstructurehaccountshforhonehofhthehessentialhfunctionshofhthehplasmahmembrane.hIthis
himpermeablehtohmosthwater-

solublehmoleculesh(moleculeshthathdissolvehinhwater)hbecausehthehwater-
solublehmoleculesharehinsolublehinhthehoilyhcorehregion.hThehbilayerhserveshashahbarrierhtohthehd
iffusionhofhwaterhandhhydrophilichsubstanceshwhilehallowinghlipid-
solublehmolecules,hsuchhashoxygenh(O2)handhcarbonhdioxideh(CO2),htohdiffusehthroughhithreadil
y.
Carbohydratehchains,hglycoproteinhchannels,handhmembranehchannelhproteinshdohnothpreventh
water-solublehmoleculeshfromhenteringhcellshacrosshthehcellhmembrane.

PTS:h h 1 DIF: CognitivehLevel:hRemembering

10. Ahstudenthaskshforhanhexplanationhofhthehabsolutehrefractoryhperiodhofhthehactionhpotential.h
Whathresponsehbyhthehprofessorhishbest?
a. Ahstrongerhthanhnormalhimpulsehwillhevokehanotherhresponse.
b. Nohstimulushishablehtohevokehanotherhresponsehaththishtime.
c. Multiplehstimulihcanhproducehmorehrapidhactionhpotentials.
d. Thehhyperpolarizedhstatehmeanshahweakerhstimulushproduceshahresponse.
ANS:h B
Duringhthehabsolutehrefractoryhstatehofhthehactionhpotential,hnohstimulushishablehtohevokehanoth
erhresponsehfromhthehcell.hAhstrongerhthanhnormalhimpulsehmayhgeneratehahresponsehinhthehrelati
vehrefractoryhperiod.hThishperiodhofhtimehishnothrelatedhtohthehnumberhofhstimuli.hAhhyperpolari
zedhstatehmeanshahstrongerhthanhnormalhstimulushwouldhbehneededhtohgeneratehahresponse.

PTS:h h 1 DIF: CognitivehLevel:hRemembering

11. Whichhformhofhcellhcommunicationhishusedhtohcommunicatehwithinhthehcellhitselfhandhwithho
therhcellshinhdirecthphysicalhcontact?
a. Proteinhchannelh(gaphjunction)
b. Plasmahmembrane-boundh signalinghmolecules
c. Hormonehsecretionhsuchhashneurotransmitters
d. Extracellularhchemicalhmessengershsuchhashligands