Microbiology CSMLS || with 100% Error-free Answers.
Microaerophiles correct answers Prefer lower O2 than in air
Capnophiles correct answers Prefer higher CO2 than in air
Agar correct answers Polysaccharide derived from marine algae.
Melts @ 100c
Solidifies @ 45c
Anaerobic Media correct answers Contains reducing agents that bind with dissolved O2
(thioglycolate, cysteine)
Gas Pak correct answers Contain Na2CO3 and Sodium borohydride
Add water - produces H2 and CO2
Palladium pellets catalyze the reaction
Typical Incubation correct answers 5-10% CO2
35-37 c
50-70% humudity
Autoclave correct answers Moist - steam under pressure
15lbs pressure @ 121c for 15 minutes
QC organism - Bacillus stearothermophilus
Hot air oven correct answers 170c for 2 hours
Pasteurization correct answers 140c for 3 seconds.
NOT sterilization
Filtration correct answers Pore size 0.22 u - 0.45 u
Used for sugar solutions, urea media, vaccines
Dessication correct answers No multiplication, but organisms remain viable (lyophilization)
Dry out bacteria
Phenol correct answers Disinfection
,Damages cytoplasmic membrane, denatures protein
Halogens correct answers Disinfection
Iodine and chlorine
Oxidizers
Alcohols correct answers Disinfection
Denature protein and dissolve lipids
Sterilization correct answers Kills all microorganisms (including spores and viruses)
Eg.
- Autoclave (121c @ 15 psi for 15 min)
- Incineration
- Filtration (physically remove organisms)
Disinfection correct answers Inactivation or inhibition (may not affect spores)
eg
- Bleach (1:10 hypochlorite)
B-lactams correct answers Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Eg pencillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams
Notes: Oxacillin, nafcillin, methicillin for pencillin resistant staph
Glycopeptides correct answers Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Examples: vancomycin
Notes: Drug of choice for clostridium difficile and MRSA
Aminoglycosides correct answers Action: Inhibits protein synthesis
Examples: Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
Notes: Acts on 30S subunit; not active against anerobes; used with a penicillin for enterococcus
Tetracyclines correct answers Action: Inhibits protein synthesis
Examples: tetracycline, doxycycline
, Notes: Acts on 30S subunit; effects bone and teeth in children; may lead to superinfection of
yeast
Chloramphenicol correct answers Action: Inhibits protein synthesis
Examples: Chloramphenicol
Notes: Acts on 50S subunit; can cause aplastic anemia
Macrolides correct answers Action: inhibits protein synthesis
Examples: Erythromycin and clindamycin
Notes: Acts on 50S subunit; clindamycin for gram pos and gram neg anaerobes
Quinolines correct answers Action: inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
Examples: ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin
Notes: For pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobes
Sulfa drugs (sulfonamides) correct answers Action: Analogue of PABA (intermediate in folic
acid synthesis)
Examples: Sulfamethoxazole
Notes: For UTI, enteric infections; used with trimethoprim (bactrim, etc)
Streptogramins correct answers Action: inhibits protein synthesis
Examples: quinupristin/dalfopristin
Notes: for gram pos, especially vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium
Narrow spectrum correct answers Only affects a limited number of microbe types
Broad spectrum correct answers gram pos and gram neg coverage
Selective toxicity correct answers Action against only microbial structures (70s ribosome, cell
wall etc)
Bactericidal action correct answers Kills bacteria without host immune help
Bacteriostatic action correct answers Reversible inhibition (ultimate destruction depends on host
defenses)
Microaerophiles correct answers Prefer lower O2 than in air
Capnophiles correct answers Prefer higher CO2 than in air
Agar correct answers Polysaccharide derived from marine algae.
Melts @ 100c
Solidifies @ 45c
Anaerobic Media correct answers Contains reducing agents that bind with dissolved O2
(thioglycolate, cysteine)
Gas Pak correct answers Contain Na2CO3 and Sodium borohydride
Add water - produces H2 and CO2
Palladium pellets catalyze the reaction
Typical Incubation correct answers 5-10% CO2
35-37 c
50-70% humudity
Autoclave correct answers Moist - steam under pressure
15lbs pressure @ 121c for 15 minutes
QC organism - Bacillus stearothermophilus
Hot air oven correct answers 170c for 2 hours
Pasteurization correct answers 140c for 3 seconds.
NOT sterilization
Filtration correct answers Pore size 0.22 u - 0.45 u
Used for sugar solutions, urea media, vaccines
Dessication correct answers No multiplication, but organisms remain viable (lyophilization)
Dry out bacteria
Phenol correct answers Disinfection
,Damages cytoplasmic membrane, denatures protein
Halogens correct answers Disinfection
Iodine and chlorine
Oxidizers
Alcohols correct answers Disinfection
Denature protein and dissolve lipids
Sterilization correct answers Kills all microorganisms (including spores and viruses)
Eg.
- Autoclave (121c @ 15 psi for 15 min)
- Incineration
- Filtration (physically remove organisms)
Disinfection correct answers Inactivation or inhibition (may not affect spores)
eg
- Bleach (1:10 hypochlorite)
B-lactams correct answers Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Eg pencillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams
Notes: Oxacillin, nafcillin, methicillin for pencillin resistant staph
Glycopeptides correct answers Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Examples: vancomycin
Notes: Drug of choice for clostridium difficile and MRSA
Aminoglycosides correct answers Action: Inhibits protein synthesis
Examples: Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
Notes: Acts on 30S subunit; not active against anerobes; used with a penicillin for enterococcus
Tetracyclines correct answers Action: Inhibits protein synthesis
Examples: tetracycline, doxycycline
, Notes: Acts on 30S subunit; effects bone and teeth in children; may lead to superinfection of
yeast
Chloramphenicol correct answers Action: Inhibits protein synthesis
Examples: Chloramphenicol
Notes: Acts on 50S subunit; can cause aplastic anemia
Macrolides correct answers Action: inhibits protein synthesis
Examples: Erythromycin and clindamycin
Notes: Acts on 50S subunit; clindamycin for gram pos and gram neg anaerobes
Quinolines correct answers Action: inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
Examples: ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin
Notes: For pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobes
Sulfa drugs (sulfonamides) correct answers Action: Analogue of PABA (intermediate in folic
acid synthesis)
Examples: Sulfamethoxazole
Notes: For UTI, enteric infections; used with trimethoprim (bactrim, etc)
Streptogramins correct answers Action: inhibits protein synthesis
Examples: quinupristin/dalfopristin
Notes: for gram pos, especially vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium
Narrow spectrum correct answers Only affects a limited number of microbe types
Broad spectrum correct answers gram pos and gram neg coverage
Selective toxicity correct answers Action against only microbial structures (70s ribosome, cell
wall etc)
Bactericidal action correct answers Kills bacteria without host immune help
Bacteriostatic action correct answers Reversible inhibition (ultimate destruction depends on host
defenses)
