Nurs 1140 exam 2 questions answers

NURS 1140 exam 2 Questions & Answers r r r r r r



Which antihistamine drugs are considered as most sedative? Select all that apply.
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- Clemastine (Tavist), doxylamine (Unisom), and cyproheptadine (Periactin) are antihr r r r r r r r


istamine drugs that are highly sedative. Loratadine (Claritin) and desloratadine(Clarine
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x) are two of the least sedative antihistamine drugs.
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Which adverse effect would the nurse anticipate in a patient taking diphenhydramine?
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- Urinary retention is a serious adverse effect of using antihistamines, especially first-
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generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl). Hypertension is caused by
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excessive use of nasal decongestants. Nasal irritation is caused by the use of nasal cortico
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steroids. Bronchospasm is an adverse effect of cromolyn, a potential mast cell stabilizer
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Which nasal decongestant is administered orally?
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- Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) is a nasal decongestant that is given in tablet form.Lev r r r r r r r r r r r r


ocetirizine is an antihistamine. Oxymetazoline and phenylephrine (Neo-
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Synephrine) are also decongestants that are given as solutions.
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How many sprays is the maximum dose of cromolyn (NasalCrom) for treating allergicrhini
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tis?
- Six sprays of cromolyn (NasalCrom) is the maximum dose to be administered in each
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nostril of a patient with allergic rhinitis. Eight sprays is the maximum dose of flunisolid
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e, an intranasal corticosteroid. The maximum dose of triamcinolone (Nasacort AQ), an
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intranasal corticosteroid, is 4 sprays. Two sprays is the recommended adult dose of intra
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nasal corticosteroids such as ciclesonide (Omnaris)and fluticasone (Flonase).
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What is the primary reason for instructing patients to avoid overuse of nasaldecongestant sp
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rays?
- Rebound swelling of the nasal passages occurs when nasal decongestant sprays areove
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rused. Although symptom relief occurs initially, later it is followed by a return ofnasal st
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uffiness and other symptoms. The mucous membranes of the nose may become dry with
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the use of decongestant sprays, but infection is rare. Decongestant sprays are topical; sig
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nificant systemic
b. Place the patient onabsorption
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a face mask delivering
r not occur.
r oxygen. The mucous
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,membranes of the nose may become dry with the use of decongestant sprays, butrelated
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problems of significant cracking or bleeding are rare. r r r r r r r




Which condition may cause chronic rhinitis?
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- A deviated nasal septum may lead to chronic rhinitis; also allergy, nonallergic perenni
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al rhinitis, chronic sinusitis. Bacterial infection, congestion caused by certaindrugs, and
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presence of foreign bodies may cause acute rhinitis that subsides once thecausative facto
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r is treated or removed
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Which drug inhibits antihypertensive activity when used concurrently with a nasaldeconge
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stant?
- When methyldopa (Aldomet) is used concurrently with a nasal decongestant, the antihy
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pertensive activity of methyldopa (Aldomet) is inhibited. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
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such as phenelzine (Nardil), isocarboxazid (Marplan), and tranylcypromine(Parnate) en
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hance the toxic effects of a nasal decongestant and result in hypertension.
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What common adverse effect is associated with cromolyn (NasalCrom) andbe
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clomethasone (Beconase AQ) administration? r r r


- Nasal irritation is the common adverse effect associated with the administration of cro
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molyn (NasalCrom) and beclomethasone (Beconase AQ). Dry mouth and blurredvision
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are associated with antihistamine drug therapy. Urinary retention is associatedwith nasa
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l decongestant and antihistamine therapy.
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Which antihistamine has the least sedative effect?
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- Desloratadine (Clarinex) is an antihistamine drug with the smallest sedative effect. Cle r r r r r r r r r r r


mastine (Tavist), promethazine (Phenergan), and diphenhydramine (Benadryl) arehighl
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y sedative antihistamines.
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Reduction of which symptom is a therapeutic outcome of antihistamine drug therapy?Selec
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t all that apply.
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- When antihistamines are administered, symptoms of lacrimation, rhinorrhea, itching,sn
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eezing, and conjunctivitis are reduced. Sneezing is reduced when intranasal corticosteroi
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ds are administered. Nasal irritation is an adverse effect associated with administration of
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intranasal corticosteroids and decongestants. When nasal decongestants are used, nasal c
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b. Place the patient on a face mask delivering 100% oxygen.
ongestion is reduced.
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, Which drug is used as a part of the prophylactic management for asthma?
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- Cromolyn (NasalCrom) is used as a part of prophylactic management of asthma.Le
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vocetirizine (Xyzal) and phenylephrine are used to treat the common cold.
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Cetirizine should be used with caution in patients with asthma.
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Which medication could cause a patient to report a stuffier nose and more congestionwithin
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2 months of beginning therapy?
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- Overuse of topical decongestants may cause a rebound of nasal secretions known asrhi
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nitis medicamentosa. This condition may develop when short-
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acting topical decongestants, such as phenylephrine, are used regularly for more than 3 w
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eeks.
Olopatadine is an antihistamine that does not cause rhinitis medicamentosa. When long-
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acting topical decongestants such as oxymetazoline and xylometazoline are used,rhinitis
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medicamentosa may develop as early as 3 to 5 days r r r r r r r r r




Which drug requires knowledge of the patient's profession, before beingadministered?
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- Clemastine fumarate is an antihistamine that causes severe central nervous system depr
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ession, sedation, and cognitive impairment. This drug should not be prescribed topatients
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in professions that involve driving or working with heavy machinery.
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Ciclesonide, mometasone, and budesonide are corticosteroids that may not causesed
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ation and are safer for patients in professions that involve driving or operatingheavy
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machinery.

How long does it take for a patient to achieve the maximal effect of intranasalcorticosteroid
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s after beginning therapy?
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- Maximal effects of intranasal corticosteroids may not be evident for 2 weeks afterbeg
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inning therapy. If symptoms do not improve within 3 weeks, therapy is discontinued.
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Maximal effects from intranasal corticosteroids are not immediate.
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Some improvement is noted within 3 days of starting the therapy; however, maximaleffects
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are not achieved in a minimum of 3 days.
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Which action is associated with antihistamine therapy ?
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- Reduction of lacrimation is a therapeutic outcome of antihistamine therapy. Antihist
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amines may not reduce the nasal congestion. Antihistamines do not preventthe histami
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b. Place the patient on a face mask delivering 100% oxygen.
ne release,
r but they reduce the symptoms of an allergic reaction if the concentration of t
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he antihistamine exceeds the concentration of histamine at the
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