lOMoARcPSD|6353920
Pathophysiology Midterm (Week 4)
Advanced Pathophysiology (Chamberlain University)
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Hypersensitivity type 1: Allergic reaction
- Meditated by IgE
- Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
- Symptoms:itching, rash, wheezing (systemic)
- Severe: anaphylaxis- hypotension, severe bronchospasm
- Treatment: EPI
Hypersensitivity type 2: Cytotoxic reaction, tissue specific
- Macrophages are the primary effector cells
- Can cause tissue damages or alter function
- Example: Grave’s disease (hypothyroidism)- alters function of the thyroid but does not
destroy tissue
- Example: incompatible blood type- cell/tissue damage occurs, severe transfusion
reaction occurs and erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-
mediated lysis
Type 2 sensitivity is organ specific where as type 3 is not.
- Type 2: the antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface no
- Type 3: antibody binds to soluble antigen outside of cell that has been released
into the blood or bodily fluid
Hypersensitivity type 3: autoimmune response
- Rheumatoid arthritis: antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
- SLE: very closely related to autoimmunity, antigens are deposited in the organs
causing tissue damage
- Facial rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- photosensitivity
- Oral, nasopharyngeal ulcers
- Hematological disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia,
thrombocytopenia)
- Immunologic disorders (antibodies against double stranded DNA, false positive
serology for syphilis, lupus anticoagulant
- Non-erosive arthritis of 2 or more joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- Renal disorder (proteinuria)
- Neurological disorders (seizures, psychosis from lack of cause)
- Presence of antibody nuclear test (+ANA)
- Autoimmunity
- Can be familial, may not have same disease but may have different diseases
characterized by different types of hypersensitivities
- Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a
variety of major histocompatibility complex alleles or non-MHC alleles
- See CH. 9 pg. 267
Downloaded by youn sam ()
Pathophysiology Midterm (Week 4)
Advanced Pathophysiology (Chamberlain University)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by youn sam ()
, lOMoARcPSD|6353920
Hypersensitivity type 1: Allergic reaction
- Meditated by IgE
- Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
- Symptoms:itching, rash, wheezing (systemic)
- Severe: anaphylaxis- hypotension, severe bronchospasm
- Treatment: EPI
Hypersensitivity type 2: Cytotoxic reaction, tissue specific
- Macrophages are the primary effector cells
- Can cause tissue damages or alter function
- Example: Grave’s disease (hypothyroidism)- alters function of the thyroid but does not
destroy tissue
- Example: incompatible blood type- cell/tissue damage occurs, severe transfusion
reaction occurs and erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-
mediated lysis
Type 2 sensitivity is organ specific where as type 3 is not.
- Type 2: the antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface no
- Type 3: antibody binds to soluble antigen outside of cell that has been released
into the blood or bodily fluid
Hypersensitivity type 3: autoimmune response
- Rheumatoid arthritis: antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
- SLE: very closely related to autoimmunity, antigens are deposited in the organs
causing tissue damage
- Facial rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- photosensitivity
- Oral, nasopharyngeal ulcers
- Hematological disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia,
thrombocytopenia)
- Immunologic disorders (antibodies against double stranded DNA, false positive
serology for syphilis, lupus anticoagulant
- Non-erosive arthritis of 2 or more joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- Renal disorder (proteinuria)
- Neurological disorders (seizures, psychosis from lack of cause)
- Presence of antibody nuclear test (+ANA)
- Autoimmunity
- Can be familial, may not have same disease but may have different diseases
characterized by different types of hypersensitivities
- Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a
variety of major histocompatibility complex alleles or non-MHC alleles
- See CH. 9 pg. 267
Downloaded by youn sam ()
