BHSC 1200 midterm 2 Exam Latest Updated 2025 With Complete Solutions
describe the location of the adrenal glands - ANSWER--paired
-one lies superior to each kidney in the retroperitoneal space
-flattened pyramid shape
adrenal cortex - ANSWER--produces steroid hormones that are essential for life
-subdivided into three zones, each of which secretes different hormones
adrenal medulla - ANSWER--produces three catecholamine hormones:
epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine
target, regulation, and function of mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) - ANSWER--
adrenal gland hormone
-target: kidney, parotid, colon
-regulation: increased blood K+ level and angiotensin II stimulate secretion
-function: increase blood Na+ and water; decrease blood level of K+
,target, regulation, and function of glucocorticoids (cortisol) - ANSWER--adrenal
gland hormone
-target: pituitary gland
-regulation: ACTH stimulates release; corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
promotes ACTH secretion in response to stress and low blood levels of
glucocorticoids
-function: increase protein breakdown, stimulate gluconeogensis and lipolysis,
provide resistance to stress, dampen inflammation, depress immune responses
target, regulation, and function of epinephrine and norepinephrine - ANSWER--
adrenal medulla hormones
-target: heart, blood vessels, lungs, reticular formation
-regulation: sympathetic preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine, which
stimulates secretion
-function: enhance effects of sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system
during stress
,describe the location, hormones released and functions of the ovaries - ANSWER--
location: paired oval bodies located in the female pelvic cavity
-hormones released: estrogens and progesterone, relaxin, inhibin
estrogens and progesterone = regulate female reproductive cycle, maintain
pregnancy, prepare mammary glands for lactation, and promote development and
maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics
relaxin = increases flexibility of pubic symphysis during pregnancy; helps dilate
uterine cervix during labour and delivery
inhibin = inhibits secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary
describe the location, hormones released and functions of the testes - ANSWER--
location: oval glands that lie in the scrotum
-hormones released: testosterone, inhibin
testosterone = stimulates descent of testes before birth; regulates sperm
production; promotes development and maintenance of male secondary sex
characteristics
, inhibin = inhibits secretions of FSH from anterior pituitary
organization of nervous system - ANSWER-1) central nervous system = brain and
spinal cord
-processes many different kinds of incoming sensory information
-source of thoughts, emotions and memories
-produces signals causing muscles to contracts and glands to secrete
2) peripheral nervous system = consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS
-further divided into sensory (afferent) division [provides information about
somatic senses] and motor (efferent) division [conveys output from CNS to
effectors]
-efferent division is further divided: somatic nervous system (conveys output
from CNS to skeletal muscle) and autonomic nervous system (conveys output
from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands)
-autonomic nervous system is further divided: sympathetic nervous system and
parasympathetic nervous system (usually have opposing actions)
functions of nervous system - ANSWER--sensory function: sensory receptors
detect internal stimuli; sensory information is carried to brain and spinal cord
describe the location of the adrenal glands - ANSWER--paired
-one lies superior to each kidney in the retroperitoneal space
-flattened pyramid shape
adrenal cortex - ANSWER--produces steroid hormones that are essential for life
-subdivided into three zones, each of which secretes different hormones
adrenal medulla - ANSWER--produces three catecholamine hormones:
epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine
target, regulation, and function of mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) - ANSWER--
adrenal gland hormone
-target: kidney, parotid, colon
-regulation: increased blood K+ level and angiotensin II stimulate secretion
-function: increase blood Na+ and water; decrease blood level of K+
,target, regulation, and function of glucocorticoids (cortisol) - ANSWER--adrenal
gland hormone
-target: pituitary gland
-regulation: ACTH stimulates release; corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
promotes ACTH secretion in response to stress and low blood levels of
glucocorticoids
-function: increase protein breakdown, stimulate gluconeogensis and lipolysis,
provide resistance to stress, dampen inflammation, depress immune responses
target, regulation, and function of epinephrine and norepinephrine - ANSWER--
adrenal medulla hormones
-target: heart, blood vessels, lungs, reticular formation
-regulation: sympathetic preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine, which
stimulates secretion
-function: enhance effects of sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system
during stress
,describe the location, hormones released and functions of the ovaries - ANSWER--
location: paired oval bodies located in the female pelvic cavity
-hormones released: estrogens and progesterone, relaxin, inhibin
estrogens and progesterone = regulate female reproductive cycle, maintain
pregnancy, prepare mammary glands for lactation, and promote development and
maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics
relaxin = increases flexibility of pubic symphysis during pregnancy; helps dilate
uterine cervix during labour and delivery
inhibin = inhibits secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary
describe the location, hormones released and functions of the testes - ANSWER--
location: oval glands that lie in the scrotum
-hormones released: testosterone, inhibin
testosterone = stimulates descent of testes before birth; regulates sperm
production; promotes development and maintenance of male secondary sex
characteristics
, inhibin = inhibits secretions of FSH from anterior pituitary
organization of nervous system - ANSWER-1) central nervous system = brain and
spinal cord
-processes many different kinds of incoming sensory information
-source of thoughts, emotions and memories
-produces signals causing muscles to contracts and glands to secrete
2) peripheral nervous system = consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS
-further divided into sensory (afferent) division [provides information about
somatic senses] and motor (efferent) division [conveys output from CNS to
effectors]
-efferent division is further divided: somatic nervous system (conveys output
from CNS to skeletal muscle) and autonomic nervous system (conveys output
from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands)
-autonomic nervous system is further divided: sympathetic nervous system and
parasympathetic nervous system (usually have opposing actions)
functions of nervous system - ANSWER--sensory function: sensory receptors
detect internal stimuli; sensory information is carried to brain and spinal cord
