GNRS 575 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Rated A+
GnRH - Answers Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, secreted from the hypothalamus to initiate puberty,
then increases in concentration until it stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce FSH and LH
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - Answers targets the ovaries, stimulates maturation of the follicle ->
growth and maturation before ovulation
Luteinizing hormone (LH) - Answers stimulates final maturation of follicle, surge of LH 14 days before
next menstrual period causes ovulation, stimulates the follicle to transform into corpus luteum
what happens to the corpus luteum if the ovum is fertilized? - Answers It continues to secrete estrogen
and progesterone until the placenta is able to take over that function and provide nutrients to the ovum
What happens to the corpus luteum if the ovum is not fertilized? - Answers Continues secretion of
estrogen and progesterone for 12 days and then the corpus luteum regresses after FSH and LH fall to
low levels, beginning menstruatio
Estrogen - Answers stimulates endometrium before ovulation
Progesterone - Answers stimulates secretion of endometrial glands, causes endometrial vessels to dilate
in preparation for possible embryo implantation
Prolactin - Answers stimulates secretion of milk; suckling of a newborn stimulates prolactin secretion to
maintain milk production
oxytocin - Answers stimulates contractions during birth and postpartum contractions to compress
uterine vessels and control bleeding, also stimulates milk-ejection reflex during breastfeeding
Anatomical reason for frequent urination if a client has uterine fibroids in the anterior portion of the
uterus? - Answers the uterus pushes on the bladder since it is directly behind the bladder, increased
pressure and decreased surface area for the bladder leads to frequent uriantion
Is breast milk production affected by the size of a mother's breasts? - Answers no, breast tissue is made
of fat and glandular tissue that creates milk is similar for all mature women
What two structures in the male create fluid that makes up semen? - Answers The testes create sperm
and the seminal vesicles create a fructose based fluid for the sperm, creating semen.
What hormone stimulates milk production during pregnancy, but is inhibited until after delivery? -
Answers prolactin
Where is the best place for a fertilized ovum to implant - Answers in the upper part of the uterus -> the
fundus
the most common shape for the female pelvis is - Answers gynecoid
, what structure in males is responsible for sperm creation and storage? - Answers testes
What is the muscular layer of the uterus called? - Answers the myometrium
The reason cervical mucus becomes thin, clear, and elastic just before ovulation is to: - Answers
promote the transport of sperm into the uterus and fallopian tubes
Vernix - Answers a thick white substance, resembling cream cheese in some creases of the skin of
newborns
milia - Answers white cysts, 1-2mm in size, typically on the face; usually disappear without treatment
Acrocyanosis - Answers a normal variant in the first day after birth, resulting from poor perfusion to the
extremities of the body, appears as blue extremities
Mongolian spot - Answers bluish discoloration that resembles bruises on the sacrum, buttocks, arms,
shoulders, and other areas. Usually disappears after the first few years of life
cephalohematoma - Answers Swelling caused by bleeding between the osteum and periosteum of the
skull as a result of pressure during birth, it can develop over the first 24-48 hours and takes 2-3 months
to completely resolve.
Caput succedaneum - Answers area of localized edema on the baby's head that forms from pressure
against the cervix during birth, seen immediately following birth and resolves within 24-48 hours
When does breast milk increase in volume and change from colostrum? - Answers milk begins to change
from colostrum 2-3 days after birth when estrogen and progesterone decrease and prolactin initiates
milk production
Consistency of postpartum lochia days 1-3 - Answers bloody with small clots
Consistency of postpartum lochia days 3-10 - Answers serosanguinous and decreased in size
Consistency of postpartum lochia days 10-14 - Answers white, cream, or light yellow
Duration of contractions - Answers measured from beginning to end of one contraction
frequency of contractions - Answers how often they occur, measured from beginning of one contraction
to beginning of the next
intensity of contractions - Answers the strength of the contraction
Three ways ultrasound can be used during pregnancy - Answers - monitor nuchal translucency (screen
for abnormalities)
- assist in procedures such as amniocentesis
- provide info such as # of fetuses, survey of fetal anatomy, fetal presentation and FHR
GnRH - Answers Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, secreted from the hypothalamus to initiate puberty,
then increases in concentration until it stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce FSH and LH
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - Answers targets the ovaries, stimulates maturation of the follicle ->
growth and maturation before ovulation
Luteinizing hormone (LH) - Answers stimulates final maturation of follicle, surge of LH 14 days before
next menstrual period causes ovulation, stimulates the follicle to transform into corpus luteum
what happens to the corpus luteum if the ovum is fertilized? - Answers It continues to secrete estrogen
and progesterone until the placenta is able to take over that function and provide nutrients to the ovum
What happens to the corpus luteum if the ovum is not fertilized? - Answers Continues secretion of
estrogen and progesterone for 12 days and then the corpus luteum regresses after FSH and LH fall to
low levels, beginning menstruatio
Estrogen - Answers stimulates endometrium before ovulation
Progesterone - Answers stimulates secretion of endometrial glands, causes endometrial vessels to dilate
in preparation for possible embryo implantation
Prolactin - Answers stimulates secretion of milk; suckling of a newborn stimulates prolactin secretion to
maintain milk production
oxytocin - Answers stimulates contractions during birth and postpartum contractions to compress
uterine vessels and control bleeding, also stimulates milk-ejection reflex during breastfeeding
Anatomical reason for frequent urination if a client has uterine fibroids in the anterior portion of the
uterus? - Answers the uterus pushes on the bladder since it is directly behind the bladder, increased
pressure and decreased surface area for the bladder leads to frequent uriantion
Is breast milk production affected by the size of a mother's breasts? - Answers no, breast tissue is made
of fat and glandular tissue that creates milk is similar for all mature women
What two structures in the male create fluid that makes up semen? - Answers The testes create sperm
and the seminal vesicles create a fructose based fluid for the sperm, creating semen.
What hormone stimulates milk production during pregnancy, but is inhibited until after delivery? -
Answers prolactin
Where is the best place for a fertilized ovum to implant - Answers in the upper part of the uterus -> the
fundus
the most common shape for the female pelvis is - Answers gynecoid
, what structure in males is responsible for sperm creation and storage? - Answers testes
What is the muscular layer of the uterus called? - Answers the myometrium
The reason cervical mucus becomes thin, clear, and elastic just before ovulation is to: - Answers
promote the transport of sperm into the uterus and fallopian tubes
Vernix - Answers a thick white substance, resembling cream cheese in some creases of the skin of
newborns
milia - Answers white cysts, 1-2mm in size, typically on the face; usually disappear without treatment
Acrocyanosis - Answers a normal variant in the first day after birth, resulting from poor perfusion to the
extremities of the body, appears as blue extremities
Mongolian spot - Answers bluish discoloration that resembles bruises on the sacrum, buttocks, arms,
shoulders, and other areas. Usually disappears after the first few years of life
cephalohematoma - Answers Swelling caused by bleeding between the osteum and periosteum of the
skull as a result of pressure during birth, it can develop over the first 24-48 hours and takes 2-3 months
to completely resolve.
Caput succedaneum - Answers area of localized edema on the baby's head that forms from pressure
against the cervix during birth, seen immediately following birth and resolves within 24-48 hours
When does breast milk increase in volume and change from colostrum? - Answers milk begins to change
from colostrum 2-3 days after birth when estrogen and progesterone decrease and prolactin initiates
milk production
Consistency of postpartum lochia days 1-3 - Answers bloody with small clots
Consistency of postpartum lochia days 3-10 - Answers serosanguinous and decreased in size
Consistency of postpartum lochia days 10-14 - Answers white, cream, or light yellow
Duration of contractions - Answers measured from beginning to end of one contraction
frequency of contractions - Answers how often they occur, measured from beginning of one contraction
to beginning of the next
intensity of contractions - Answers the strength of the contraction
Three ways ultrasound can be used during pregnancy - Answers - monitor nuchal translucency (screen
for abnormalities)
- assist in procedures such as amniocentesis
- provide info such as # of fetuses, survey of fetal anatomy, fetal presentation and FHR
