GENETICS EXAM REVIEW
Gregor Mendel
an Austrian monk who worked with pea plants to create
the foundation of modern genetics
Mendel's experiment results/laws
found out/discovered: principle of dominance, segregation,
true-breeding, Punnett square (Chapter 11-Sec 1)
principle of dominance
states that some alleles are dominant and some are
recessive
genetics
the science of heredity, dealing with genes and how they
act in an organism
heredity
the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to
offspring
traits
a distinguishing charactristic
gene
the basic unit of heredity; a line of nucleotides along a
segment of DNA that provides coded instructions for the
synthesis of RNA (which leads to expression of
characteristics)
dominant
the allele that "takes over"/is shown (usually)
recessive
the allele that only shows in a homozygous recessive pair
, alleles
a form of a gene; the big or little letter
gametes
sex cells
genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism expressed in symbols
phenotype
the genetic makeup of an organism expressed in terms
homozygous
alleles are both recessive or both dominant
heterozygous
alleles are dominant recessive
hemizygous
an organism having one one of a given pair of genes
purebred
an organism with the same traits as the previous
generations (no variations/mixes)
hybrid
the offspring of 2 animals/plants of different breeds
autosomes
all chromosomes other than sex chromosomes
sex chromosomes
X and Y; the chromosomes that determine gender, as well
as other sex-linked traits
Reginald Punnett
a British geneticist
purpose of the Punnett Square
to determine the probability of a specific geno/phenotype
occuring
P means...
parental genration (parents)
Gregor Mendel
an Austrian monk who worked with pea plants to create
the foundation of modern genetics
Mendel's experiment results/laws
found out/discovered: principle of dominance, segregation,
true-breeding, Punnett square (Chapter 11-Sec 1)
principle of dominance
states that some alleles are dominant and some are
recessive
genetics
the science of heredity, dealing with genes and how they
act in an organism
heredity
the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to
offspring
traits
a distinguishing charactristic
gene
the basic unit of heredity; a line of nucleotides along a
segment of DNA that provides coded instructions for the
synthesis of RNA (which leads to expression of
characteristics)
dominant
the allele that "takes over"/is shown (usually)
recessive
the allele that only shows in a homozygous recessive pair
, alleles
a form of a gene; the big or little letter
gametes
sex cells
genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism expressed in symbols
phenotype
the genetic makeup of an organism expressed in terms
homozygous
alleles are both recessive or both dominant
heterozygous
alleles are dominant recessive
hemizygous
an organism having one one of a given pair of genes
purebred
an organism with the same traits as the previous
generations (no variations/mixes)
hybrid
the offspring of 2 animals/plants of different breeds
autosomes
all chromosomes other than sex chromosomes
sex chromosomes
X and Y; the chromosomes that determine gender, as well
as other sex-linked traits
Reginald Punnett
a British geneticist
purpose of the Punnett Square
to determine the probability of a specific geno/phenotype
occuring
P means...
parental genration (parents)
