Advanced Pathophysiology NR 507 Midterm Exam
Complete Guide with Questions with 100% Correct
Verified Answers Graded A+ – Chamberlain (Latest 2025
Update)
How does blood flow through the heart? --- correct answer ---
Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium
→Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood
ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be
Oxygenated → Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle
(pumps with each contraction) → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
What is systole? --- correct answer ---Contraction of the heart which
pumps blood
Diastole --- correct answer ---Relaxation of the heart
What produces S1 and S2 sound? --- correct answer ---closing of the heart
valves
What produces S1? --- correct answer ---The mitral and tricuspid valves
which close in systole
What produces S2 sound? --- correct answer ---The closing of the aortic
and pulmonic valves in diastole
What is cardiac output? --- correct answer ---the volume of blood pumped
out by each ventricle per minute
What is stroke volume? --- correct answer ---amount of blood pumped out
by each ventricle with contraction
What determines cardiac output? --- correct answer ---stroke volume and
heart rate
, What is preload? --- correct answer ---the degree of stretch on the heart
before it contracts, related to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure,
amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole
What is afterload? --- correct answer ---resistance left ventricle must
overcome to circulate blood
What is contractility? --- correct answer ---Normal ability of muscle to
contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is independent of
preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke
volume? --- correct answer ---Decreased
What conditions can result in decreased contractility? --- correct answer -
--Ischemia, acidosis, cardiomyopathy
What can cause increase afterload? --- correct answer ---HTN, pulmonary
disease, damage to the aortic valve
What has the most immediate effect on afterload? --- correct answer ---
HTN
Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload? --- correct answer --
-Decreased volume of blood creates less resistance
What does increased preload do to stroke volume? --- correct answer ---
Increases stroke volume, over time the body will be unable to compensate
however
What can cause a decreased preload? --- correct answer ---Hemorrhage,
dehydration...anything that causes reduced blood volume
What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale? --- correct answer ---
Right (AKA Right sided HF)
What is cor-pulmonale? --- correct answer ---is defined as right
ventricular hypertrophy with eventual RV failure resulting from
Complete Guide with Questions with 100% Correct
Verified Answers Graded A+ – Chamberlain (Latest 2025
Update)
How does blood flow through the heart? --- correct answer ---
Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium
→Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood
ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be
Oxygenated → Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle
(pumps with each contraction) → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
What is systole? --- correct answer ---Contraction of the heart which
pumps blood
Diastole --- correct answer ---Relaxation of the heart
What produces S1 and S2 sound? --- correct answer ---closing of the heart
valves
What produces S1? --- correct answer ---The mitral and tricuspid valves
which close in systole
What produces S2 sound? --- correct answer ---The closing of the aortic
and pulmonic valves in diastole
What is cardiac output? --- correct answer ---the volume of blood pumped
out by each ventricle per minute
What is stroke volume? --- correct answer ---amount of blood pumped out
by each ventricle with contraction
What determines cardiac output? --- correct answer ---stroke volume and
heart rate
, What is preload? --- correct answer ---the degree of stretch on the heart
before it contracts, related to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure,
amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole
What is afterload? --- correct answer ---resistance left ventricle must
overcome to circulate blood
What is contractility? --- correct answer ---Normal ability of muscle to
contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is independent of
preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke
volume? --- correct answer ---Decreased
What conditions can result in decreased contractility? --- correct answer -
--Ischemia, acidosis, cardiomyopathy
What can cause increase afterload? --- correct answer ---HTN, pulmonary
disease, damage to the aortic valve
What has the most immediate effect on afterload? --- correct answer ---
HTN
Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload? --- correct answer --
-Decreased volume of blood creates less resistance
What does increased preload do to stroke volume? --- correct answer ---
Increases stroke volume, over time the body will be unable to compensate
however
What can cause a decreased preload? --- correct answer ---Hemorrhage,
dehydration...anything that causes reduced blood volume
What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale? --- correct answer ---
Right (AKA Right sided HF)
What is cor-pulmonale? --- correct answer ---is defined as right
ventricular hypertrophy with eventual RV failure resulting from
