PSW EXAM REVIEW WITH QUESTIONS
AND 100% CORRECT SOLUTIONS A+
GUARANTEED.
Ball and socket joints - ANS joints that allow movement in all directions. They are made up of
the rounded part of one bone and the hollow end of another bone.
Cell - ANS The basic functional unit of body structure and function.
Condyloid joint - ANS A joint formed when the oval articular surface of one bone fits into the
oval depression of the second articulating bone, such as the wrist and the knuckles at the base of
the fingers.
Gliding Joint - ANS A joint between two corresponding flat bones held in place by ligaments
that glide past one another in any direction along the plane of the joint — up/down, left/right,
and diagonally. Ex: wrist, ankle joints, and the vertebral column.
Hinge Joint - ANS Joints that allow movement in one direction around a single axis. Ex: elbow
joint.
Pivot joints - ANS joints that allow turning from side to side.
Saddle Joint - ANS Joints that allow for a wide range of motion between two articulating saddle-
shaped bones, such as the base of the thumb.
Capillaries - ANS Smallest form of blood vessels, site of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange
between cells and the bloodstream.
Microorganisms/Microbes - ANS Sometimes considered as a bug/germ, these organisms live and
grow everywhere — in and out of water, air, food, soil, plants, animals, and inanimate objects
like clothing, furniture, medical equipment, and personal care items. Grow on people.
Nonpathogens - ANS Microbes that don't cause infection or disease.
Pathogens - ANS Microbes that are harmful and can cause infection or disease.
Bacteria - ANS Single organisms that naturally occur on living, dead, or inanimate objects. Can
multiply rapidly or remain dormant (nonactive).
Viruses - ANS Infectious particles that are smaller than bacteria and infect living cells to grow
and multiply. Ex: influenza, herpes, common cold, AIDS, etc.
,Vaccine - ANS A suspension containing a live or killed bacterium administered for the purpose
of inducing active immunity to a specific infectious disease.
multidrug-resistant organisms (MROs) - ANS microbes that can resist the effects of antibiotics
Infection - ANS invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism
Signs and symptoms of infection - ANS fever, chills, pulse rate increased, respiratory rate
increased, pain, tenderness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, sores on mucous
membranes, redness and swelling of a body part, new/increased cough, sore throat, or runny
nose, discharge or drainage in infected area, pain when urinating, behavioural changes in older
persons.
communicable disease - ANS Contagious disease
incubation period - ANS interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms.
communicable phase - ANS The period when a person is infectious and can spread pathogens to
others.
Pandemic - ANS Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high
proportion of the population.
Factors that increase the risk for infection - ANS Extremes of age, poor nutrition, stress, lack of
sleep, presence of a disease/illness which themselves or the treatments weaken the immune
system, certain medications, invasive procedures, invasive devices, open wounds, living in close
contact with people who have communicable diseases, having contact with multiple caregivers.
Ways to prevent infection - ANS 1.) hand washing
2.) PPE
3.) avoid contact
5.) covering mouth and nose
Ways a PSW can break the chain of infection - ANS 1. Get your immune system strong
2. Bathe frequently
3. Wear a clean uniform daily
4. Hand hygiene between clients, after and before using gloves
5. Don gloves just prior to completing a care task and remove them immediately after.
6. Never take "shortcuts"
7. Avoid touching face, hair, or clothing after completing hand hygiene
8. Keep common surfaces clean
9. Keep all immunizations up to date
10. Avoid going to work if you have a fever
11. Never place linens on the floor
12. Use PPE when needed
, Contact transmission - ANS Transmission of an infectious agent through physical contact. Either
direct or indirect
Direct transmission - ANS Touching an infected or colonized person.
Indirect transmission - ANS Touching contaminated objects
Droplet transmission - ANS Microbes are spread in the air by droplets. Ex: coughing, sneezing,
and talking.
Airborne transmission - ANS Microbes transmitted across long distances by air currents.
Contained in dust particles or evaporated droplets in the air.
Vehicle transmission - ANS Microbes transmitted by a contaminated source. Ex: food, water,
medication, invasive medical equipment, and body fluids
Vectorborne transmission - ANS Insects or pests transmit microbes to humans
Asepsis - ANS Reducing or eliminating potential pathogens.
Disorientation - ANS Impaired ability to recall people time, or places as a result (or any
combination$ of physiological changes to the brain, a disease process, or substance induced
factors.
Disorientation cont. - ANS Can occur suddenly or over a long period. Usually more common in
older people but can occur in young. Can be non reversible or reversible.
Nonreversible dementia - ANS Disorientation that is permanent caused by physical changes in
the structure of the brain.
Delirium - ANS Disorientation that occurs suddenly and usually without warning. Can be caused
by infection (ex: UTI). Usually caused by a treatable physical/mental health illness. Should
always be treated as an emergency.
Signs and symptoms of disorientation - ANS 1. Anxiety
2. Tremors
3. Hallucinations
4. Delusions
5. Decline in level of consciousness
6. Disorganized thinking and speech
7. Impaired attention span
Causes of disorientation - ANS 1. UTI
2. Alcohol intoxication
3. Low blood sugar
4. Head trauma or head injury
AND 100% CORRECT SOLUTIONS A+
GUARANTEED.
Ball and socket joints - ANS joints that allow movement in all directions. They are made up of
the rounded part of one bone and the hollow end of another bone.
Cell - ANS The basic functional unit of body structure and function.
Condyloid joint - ANS A joint formed when the oval articular surface of one bone fits into the
oval depression of the second articulating bone, such as the wrist and the knuckles at the base of
the fingers.
Gliding Joint - ANS A joint between two corresponding flat bones held in place by ligaments
that glide past one another in any direction along the plane of the joint — up/down, left/right,
and diagonally. Ex: wrist, ankle joints, and the vertebral column.
Hinge Joint - ANS Joints that allow movement in one direction around a single axis. Ex: elbow
joint.
Pivot joints - ANS joints that allow turning from side to side.
Saddle Joint - ANS Joints that allow for a wide range of motion between two articulating saddle-
shaped bones, such as the base of the thumb.
Capillaries - ANS Smallest form of blood vessels, site of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange
between cells and the bloodstream.
Microorganisms/Microbes - ANS Sometimes considered as a bug/germ, these organisms live and
grow everywhere — in and out of water, air, food, soil, plants, animals, and inanimate objects
like clothing, furniture, medical equipment, and personal care items. Grow on people.
Nonpathogens - ANS Microbes that don't cause infection or disease.
Pathogens - ANS Microbes that are harmful and can cause infection or disease.
Bacteria - ANS Single organisms that naturally occur on living, dead, or inanimate objects. Can
multiply rapidly or remain dormant (nonactive).
Viruses - ANS Infectious particles that are smaller than bacteria and infect living cells to grow
and multiply. Ex: influenza, herpes, common cold, AIDS, etc.
,Vaccine - ANS A suspension containing a live or killed bacterium administered for the purpose
of inducing active immunity to a specific infectious disease.
multidrug-resistant organisms (MROs) - ANS microbes that can resist the effects of antibiotics
Infection - ANS invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism
Signs and symptoms of infection - ANS fever, chills, pulse rate increased, respiratory rate
increased, pain, tenderness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, sores on mucous
membranes, redness and swelling of a body part, new/increased cough, sore throat, or runny
nose, discharge or drainage in infected area, pain when urinating, behavioural changes in older
persons.
communicable disease - ANS Contagious disease
incubation period - ANS interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms.
communicable phase - ANS The period when a person is infectious and can spread pathogens to
others.
Pandemic - ANS Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high
proportion of the population.
Factors that increase the risk for infection - ANS Extremes of age, poor nutrition, stress, lack of
sleep, presence of a disease/illness which themselves or the treatments weaken the immune
system, certain medications, invasive procedures, invasive devices, open wounds, living in close
contact with people who have communicable diseases, having contact with multiple caregivers.
Ways to prevent infection - ANS 1.) hand washing
2.) PPE
3.) avoid contact
5.) covering mouth and nose
Ways a PSW can break the chain of infection - ANS 1. Get your immune system strong
2. Bathe frequently
3. Wear a clean uniform daily
4. Hand hygiene between clients, after and before using gloves
5. Don gloves just prior to completing a care task and remove them immediately after.
6. Never take "shortcuts"
7. Avoid touching face, hair, or clothing after completing hand hygiene
8. Keep common surfaces clean
9. Keep all immunizations up to date
10. Avoid going to work if you have a fever
11. Never place linens on the floor
12. Use PPE when needed
, Contact transmission - ANS Transmission of an infectious agent through physical contact. Either
direct or indirect
Direct transmission - ANS Touching an infected or colonized person.
Indirect transmission - ANS Touching contaminated objects
Droplet transmission - ANS Microbes are spread in the air by droplets. Ex: coughing, sneezing,
and talking.
Airborne transmission - ANS Microbes transmitted across long distances by air currents.
Contained in dust particles or evaporated droplets in the air.
Vehicle transmission - ANS Microbes transmitted by a contaminated source. Ex: food, water,
medication, invasive medical equipment, and body fluids
Vectorborne transmission - ANS Insects or pests transmit microbes to humans
Asepsis - ANS Reducing or eliminating potential pathogens.
Disorientation - ANS Impaired ability to recall people time, or places as a result (or any
combination$ of physiological changes to the brain, a disease process, or substance induced
factors.
Disorientation cont. - ANS Can occur suddenly or over a long period. Usually more common in
older people but can occur in young. Can be non reversible or reversible.
Nonreversible dementia - ANS Disorientation that is permanent caused by physical changes in
the structure of the brain.
Delirium - ANS Disorientation that occurs suddenly and usually without warning. Can be caused
by infection (ex: UTI). Usually caused by a treatable physical/mental health illness. Should
always be treated as an emergency.
Signs and symptoms of disorientation - ANS 1. Anxiety
2. Tremors
3. Hallucinations
4. Delusions
5. Decline in level of consciousness
6. Disorganized thinking and speech
7. Impaired attention span
Causes of disorientation - ANS 1. UTI
2. Alcohol intoxication
3. Low blood sugar
4. Head trauma or head injury
