STCW Basic Training Exam #1
What are the conditions needed for a fire to occur? - *answers *fuel (material that acts
as a fuel)
sources of ignition (chemical, biological, or physical)
oxygen
What are the components of the fire tetrahedron? - *answers *heat, fuel, oxygen, chain
reaction
How do you stop a fire? - *answers *Remove any of the components of the fire
tetrahedron (i.e. remove fuel, oxygen, heat, or interrupt the chemical reaction)
Oxygen - *answers *-21% ambient air
-robust flaming combustion down to 15-16%
-surface combustion (smoldering) down to about 11%
-loss of consciousness in atmospheres with 12% or less oxygen
Heat - *answers *anything that produces the required temperature for ignition
-sun
-open flame
-chemical reaction
-sparks
-friction
Fuel - *answers *-only vapors burn
-liquids and solids must first be vaporized
-tendency of a substance to vaporize is an indication of its ability to burn
-liquids vaporize more readily than solids
Chain reaction - *answers *-you can have oxygen, heat, and fuel in the same place and
still not have a fire
-fuel and oxygen relationship must be balanced (i.e. in the flammable range)
-heat must be sufficient to bring fuel to its ignition
What is a flash point (of a liquid)? - *answers *-the lower temp that a liquid can give off
sufficient gas to form a flammable gas mixture near the surface of a liquid
-lowest temp at which we can have fire
-fire flashes across surface given sufficient oxygen and an external source of ignition
What is a Fire point? - *answers *-just above the flash point, liquid gives off flammable
vapors rapidly enough to support continuous combustion
What is ignition temperature? - *answers *-substance starts to burn
-heat from external heat source
-auto-ignitio, no external source of ignition needed
, STCW Basic Training Exam #1
What is auto ignition? - *answers *vapor generated ignites without any outside ignition
source
What is vaporization? - *answers *rate increases with temperature
What is spontaneous combustion? - *answers *heat is generated by a chemical action
within a substance and this continues until you have ignition (usually begins with
oxidation and combines oxygen and gives off energy in the form of heat)
What is lower flammable limit? - *answers *the least concentration of flammable vapors
in air that will burn
What is upper flammable limit - *answers *the greatest concentration of flammable
vapors in the air that will burn
What are the results of combustion? - *answers *smoke, flame, heat, and gases
_____________ is the result of incomplete combustion - *answers *smoke
White or light grey indicates ____________ burning - *answers *free
Black or dark grey indicates a ______ fire or a _________ of oxygen - *answers *hot,
lack
How is flame produced? - *answers *result of conversation of the fuel to a state of
blazing combustion
How is heat generated? - *answers *rapid oxidation of the material
How are gases produced? - *answers *result of combustion, may or may not be toxic
What are the characteristics of the incipient stage of a fire? - *answers *-cool
-good combustion
-little smoke
-good visability
-easy to breath
-radiative feedback
What are the characteristics of the freeborn stage? - *answers *-hot
-poor combustion
-dense smoke
-poor visibility
-can't breath
What are examples of a Class A fire? - *answers *wood, paper, rubber, plastic
What are the conditions needed for a fire to occur? - *answers *fuel (material that acts
as a fuel)
sources of ignition (chemical, biological, or physical)
oxygen
What are the components of the fire tetrahedron? - *answers *heat, fuel, oxygen, chain
reaction
How do you stop a fire? - *answers *Remove any of the components of the fire
tetrahedron (i.e. remove fuel, oxygen, heat, or interrupt the chemical reaction)
Oxygen - *answers *-21% ambient air
-robust flaming combustion down to 15-16%
-surface combustion (smoldering) down to about 11%
-loss of consciousness in atmospheres with 12% or less oxygen
Heat - *answers *anything that produces the required temperature for ignition
-sun
-open flame
-chemical reaction
-sparks
-friction
Fuel - *answers *-only vapors burn
-liquids and solids must first be vaporized
-tendency of a substance to vaporize is an indication of its ability to burn
-liquids vaporize more readily than solids
Chain reaction - *answers *-you can have oxygen, heat, and fuel in the same place and
still not have a fire
-fuel and oxygen relationship must be balanced (i.e. in the flammable range)
-heat must be sufficient to bring fuel to its ignition
What is a flash point (of a liquid)? - *answers *-the lower temp that a liquid can give off
sufficient gas to form a flammable gas mixture near the surface of a liquid
-lowest temp at which we can have fire
-fire flashes across surface given sufficient oxygen and an external source of ignition
What is a Fire point? - *answers *-just above the flash point, liquid gives off flammable
vapors rapidly enough to support continuous combustion
What is ignition temperature? - *answers *-substance starts to burn
-heat from external heat source
-auto-ignitio, no external source of ignition needed
, STCW Basic Training Exam #1
What is auto ignition? - *answers *vapor generated ignites without any outside ignition
source
What is vaporization? - *answers *rate increases with temperature
What is spontaneous combustion? - *answers *heat is generated by a chemical action
within a substance and this continues until you have ignition (usually begins with
oxidation and combines oxygen and gives off energy in the form of heat)
What is lower flammable limit? - *answers *the least concentration of flammable vapors
in air that will burn
What is upper flammable limit - *answers *the greatest concentration of flammable
vapors in the air that will burn
What are the results of combustion? - *answers *smoke, flame, heat, and gases
_____________ is the result of incomplete combustion - *answers *smoke
White or light grey indicates ____________ burning - *answers *free
Black or dark grey indicates a ______ fire or a _________ of oxygen - *answers *hot,
lack
How is flame produced? - *answers *result of conversation of the fuel to a state of
blazing combustion
How is heat generated? - *answers *rapid oxidation of the material
How are gases produced? - *answers *result of combustion, may or may not be toxic
What are the characteristics of the incipient stage of a fire? - *answers *-cool
-good combustion
-little smoke
-good visability
-easy to breath
-radiative feedback
What are the characteristics of the freeborn stage? - *answers *-hot
-poor combustion
-dense smoke
-poor visibility
-can't breath
What are examples of a Class A fire? - *answers *wood, paper, rubber, plastic
