NSG 122 - Herzing University NSG 122
Fundamental Concepts HESI Final Exam
Questions with Correct Answers.
Course
NSG 122
1. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient with hypertension. Which
statement by the patien1. A nurse is providing care to a patient who has been
prescribed bed rest. Which intervention is most effective in preventing
complications related to immobility?
A) Encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises
B) Increasing the patient’s oral fluid intake
C) Performing passive range-of-motion exercises
D) Applying anti-embolism stockings
✅ Correct Answer: C) Performing passive range-of-motion exercises
Rationale: Immobility can lead to complications such as joint contractures,
muscle atrophy, and venous stasis. Passive range-of-motion exercises help
maintain joint mobility and circulation, reducing the risk of complications.
2. Which nursing action best prevents a catheter-associated urinary tract
infection (CAUTI)?
A) Encouraging fluid intake of at least 2,000 mL per day
B) Maintaining a closed drainage system
C) Cleaning the perineal area with hydrogen peroxide daily
D) Irrigating the catheter with sterile saline every 8 hours
✅ Correct Answer: B) Maintaining a closed drainage system
Rationale: A closed drainage system prevents the introduction of bacteria into
the urinary tract, reducing the risk of CAUTI. Frequent irrigation and use of
antiseptics are not recommended unless clinically indicated.
,3. A nurse is evaluating a client’s pain level. Which question provides the most
comprehensive assessment?
A) "Is your pain mild, moderate, or severe?"
B) "Can you rate your pain on a scale from 0 to 10?"
C) "Does your pain feel sharp or dull?"
D) "Would you like medication for your pain?"
✅ Correct Answer: B) "Can you rate your pain on a scale from 0 to 10?"
Rationale: The numeric pain scale provides an objective measure of pain
intensity, allowing for more accurate assessment and comparison over time.
4. A nurse is administering a medication via a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which
action is most appropriate?
A) Mixing all medications together before administration
B) Flushing the tube with 30 mL of water before and after each medication
C) Placing the client in a supine position during administration
D) Administering the medication as quickly as possible
✅ Correct Answer: B) Flushing the tube with 30 mL of water before and after
each medication
Rationale: Flushing prevents clogging and ensures proper medication delivery.
Mixing medications can cause interactions, and the client should be in a semi-
Fowler’s position to reduce aspiration risk.
5. A post-operative patient is at risk for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Which intervention is the most effective in preventing DVT?
A) Encouraging early ambulation
B) Applying warm compresses to the legs
C) Keeping the legs elevated above heart level
D) Administering oxygen therapy
✅ Correct Answer: A) Encouraging early ambulation
,Rationale: Early ambulation improves circulation, reduces venous stasis, and
prevents blood clot formation. Elevation and warm compresses may help but are
not as effective as movement.
6. A nurse is reinforcing education about insulin administration to a newly
diagnosed diabetic patient. Which statement by the patient indicates
understanding?
A) "I should inject insulin into the same spot every time to avoid bruising."
B) "I should rotate injection sites to prevent tissue damage."
C) "I will always inject insulin at a 90-degree angle, regardless of my body type."
D) "I should avoid exercising after injecting insulin."
✅ Correct Answer: B) "I should rotate injection sites to prevent tissue
damage."
Rationale: Rotating sites prevents lipodystrophy, which can affect insulin
absorption. Insulin should be injected at an appropriate angle based on body
type, and mild exercise can help with glucose control.
7. The nurse is assessing a patient with fluid volume excess. Which finding is
most concerning?
A) Weight gain of 2 kg in 2 days
B) Bilateral pitting edema in the ankles
C) Crackles in the lungs and shortness of breath
D) Increased urinary output
✅ Correct Answer: C) Crackles in the lungs and shortness of breath
Rationale: Pulmonary congestion and shortness of breath indicate fluid overload
affecting the lungs, which can lead to life-threatening pulmonary edema.
8. A nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. Which action is a
priority?
, A) Administering the blood at 150 mL/hr for the first 30 minutes
B) Monitoring the patient for the first 15 minutes of transfusion
C) Pre-warming the blood before administration
D) Flushing the IV line with sterile water before transfusion
✅ Correct Answer: B) Monitoring the patient for the first 15 minutes of
transfusion
Rationale: Most transfusion reactions occur within the first 15 minutes. Close
monitoring allows for early detection and intervention.
9. A patient is prescribed digoxin for heart failure. Which assessment is most
important before administration?
A) Checking blood glucose levels
B) Measuring the respiratory rate
C) Assessing the apical pulse for one full minute
D) Monitoring blood pressure in both arms
✅ Correct Answer: C) Assessing the apical pulse for one full minute
Rationale: Digoxin can cause bradycardia. The apical pulse should be checked,
and if it is below 60 bpm, the medication should be held and the healthcare
provider notified.
10. A nurse is teaching a patient about preventing pressure ulcers. Which
statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I will change my position every 1 to 2 hours."
B) "I should keep my skin clean and dry."
C) "I should massage reddened areas to improve circulation."
D) "I will use pillows to keep pressure off bony prominences."
✅ Correct Answer: C) "I should massage reddened areas to improve
circulation."
Fundamental Concepts HESI Final Exam
Questions with Correct Answers.
Course
NSG 122
1. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient with hypertension. Which
statement by the patien1. A nurse is providing care to a patient who has been
prescribed bed rest. Which intervention is most effective in preventing
complications related to immobility?
A) Encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises
B) Increasing the patient’s oral fluid intake
C) Performing passive range-of-motion exercises
D) Applying anti-embolism stockings
✅ Correct Answer: C) Performing passive range-of-motion exercises
Rationale: Immobility can lead to complications such as joint contractures,
muscle atrophy, and venous stasis. Passive range-of-motion exercises help
maintain joint mobility and circulation, reducing the risk of complications.
2. Which nursing action best prevents a catheter-associated urinary tract
infection (CAUTI)?
A) Encouraging fluid intake of at least 2,000 mL per day
B) Maintaining a closed drainage system
C) Cleaning the perineal area with hydrogen peroxide daily
D) Irrigating the catheter with sterile saline every 8 hours
✅ Correct Answer: B) Maintaining a closed drainage system
Rationale: A closed drainage system prevents the introduction of bacteria into
the urinary tract, reducing the risk of CAUTI. Frequent irrigation and use of
antiseptics are not recommended unless clinically indicated.
,3. A nurse is evaluating a client’s pain level. Which question provides the most
comprehensive assessment?
A) "Is your pain mild, moderate, or severe?"
B) "Can you rate your pain on a scale from 0 to 10?"
C) "Does your pain feel sharp or dull?"
D) "Would you like medication for your pain?"
✅ Correct Answer: B) "Can you rate your pain on a scale from 0 to 10?"
Rationale: The numeric pain scale provides an objective measure of pain
intensity, allowing for more accurate assessment and comparison over time.
4. A nurse is administering a medication via a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which
action is most appropriate?
A) Mixing all medications together before administration
B) Flushing the tube with 30 mL of water before and after each medication
C) Placing the client in a supine position during administration
D) Administering the medication as quickly as possible
✅ Correct Answer: B) Flushing the tube with 30 mL of water before and after
each medication
Rationale: Flushing prevents clogging and ensures proper medication delivery.
Mixing medications can cause interactions, and the client should be in a semi-
Fowler’s position to reduce aspiration risk.
5. A post-operative patient is at risk for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Which intervention is the most effective in preventing DVT?
A) Encouraging early ambulation
B) Applying warm compresses to the legs
C) Keeping the legs elevated above heart level
D) Administering oxygen therapy
✅ Correct Answer: A) Encouraging early ambulation
,Rationale: Early ambulation improves circulation, reduces venous stasis, and
prevents blood clot formation. Elevation and warm compresses may help but are
not as effective as movement.
6. A nurse is reinforcing education about insulin administration to a newly
diagnosed diabetic patient. Which statement by the patient indicates
understanding?
A) "I should inject insulin into the same spot every time to avoid bruising."
B) "I should rotate injection sites to prevent tissue damage."
C) "I will always inject insulin at a 90-degree angle, regardless of my body type."
D) "I should avoid exercising after injecting insulin."
✅ Correct Answer: B) "I should rotate injection sites to prevent tissue
damage."
Rationale: Rotating sites prevents lipodystrophy, which can affect insulin
absorption. Insulin should be injected at an appropriate angle based on body
type, and mild exercise can help with glucose control.
7. The nurse is assessing a patient with fluid volume excess. Which finding is
most concerning?
A) Weight gain of 2 kg in 2 days
B) Bilateral pitting edema in the ankles
C) Crackles in the lungs and shortness of breath
D) Increased urinary output
✅ Correct Answer: C) Crackles in the lungs and shortness of breath
Rationale: Pulmonary congestion and shortness of breath indicate fluid overload
affecting the lungs, which can lead to life-threatening pulmonary edema.
8. A nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. Which action is a
priority?
, A) Administering the blood at 150 mL/hr for the first 30 minutes
B) Monitoring the patient for the first 15 minutes of transfusion
C) Pre-warming the blood before administration
D) Flushing the IV line with sterile water before transfusion
✅ Correct Answer: B) Monitoring the patient for the first 15 minutes of
transfusion
Rationale: Most transfusion reactions occur within the first 15 minutes. Close
monitoring allows for early detection and intervention.
9. A patient is prescribed digoxin for heart failure. Which assessment is most
important before administration?
A) Checking blood glucose levels
B) Measuring the respiratory rate
C) Assessing the apical pulse for one full minute
D) Monitoring blood pressure in both arms
✅ Correct Answer: C) Assessing the apical pulse for one full minute
Rationale: Digoxin can cause bradycardia. The apical pulse should be checked,
and if it is below 60 bpm, the medication should be held and the healthcare
provider notified.
10. A nurse is teaching a patient about preventing pressure ulcers. Which
statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I will change my position every 1 to 2 hours."
B) "I should keep my skin clean and dry."
C) "I should massage reddened areas to improve circulation."
D) "I will use pillows to keep pressure off bony prominences."
✅ Correct Answer: C) "I should massage reddened areas to improve
circulation."
