Medical Biotechnology Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed

Medical Biotechnology Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed Medical biotechnology - Answers -a diverse discipline dedicated to improving human health 3 main topics that medical biotechnology focuses on - Answers -disease prevention -disease diagnosis -disease treatment Disease prevention - Answers prophylaxis Disease - Answers -a condition that impairs normal body functioning Examples of diseases - Answers -Heart disease -Cancer -Diabetes -HIV/AIDS -Asthma -Arthritis -Many others... Early application of medical biotech (leeches) - Answers -Leeches were used to treat illnesses by "bloodletting" -Leeches are now being studied again for their enzymes (in saliva that dissolve blood clots) Gene conservation - Answers -Many important genes are highly conserved across many different species -Relation to human genes is based on DNA sequence similarity Homologues - Answers -Related genes in different species Homologue examples/testing - Answers -Genes involved in human illnesses can be eliminated in a model organism (like mice that have the same gene as humans) in a knockout experiment to learn about function -Mice can become obese if they lack an ob gene -Human homologue discovery reveals that genetics may influence weight disorders ob Gene/ leptin - Answers -ob Gene - codes for leptin -leptin - a protein hormone that helps regulate hunger Model organisms - Answers -nonhuman organisms that scientists use to study biological processes in experimental lab conditions -Used by scientists to identify disease genes and test therapy approaches for efficacy and safety before use in human clinical trials Model Organism examples - Answers -Mice -Rats -Worms -Fruit flies -Bacteria Efficacy - Answers Effectiveness How many genes to humans have in common with BACTERIA? - Answers 100s We are ...% related to YEAST - Answers 31% We are ...% related to ROUNDWORMS - Answers 40% We are ...% related to FRUIT FLY - Answers 50% We are ...% related to MICE - Answers 90% Even though humans are closely related to model organisms in terms of genes, humans make many more... - Answers Proteins Fruit fly scientific name - Answers Drosophila melangaster Genes that we share with fruit flies - Answers -Body plan -Organ development -Aging -Death About ...% of mutated genes found in ... human disease conditions found in fruit fly. These include... - Answers 61%, 289 -Prostate cancer -Pancreatic cancer -Cystic fibrosis -Leukemia Scientific name for roundworms - Answers Caenorhabditis elegans 3 facts about C. elegans - Answers -959 cells -131 cells are destined to die through apoptosis -Maps created to help scientists determine fate/lineage of cells Apoptosis in humans - Answers -Skin cells create webs between fingers and toes which are degenerated through apoptosis before birth -Alzheimer's -Huntington's -Lou Gehrig's (ALS) -Parkinson's -Arthritis -Infertility Heart disease - Answers -Being studied in model organisms -Knock outs to develop heart attack mice -Elevated blood cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis -Eventually test therapies to combat heart disease on these mice Heart Attack Mice - Answers -Knockouts used to create them -Get rid of genes required for cholesterol metabolism Atherosclerosis - Answers -Hardening of the arteries Current model organism used for AIDS research - Answers -Monkeys -Important but expensive Scientist are trying to create ___ models infected with HIV - Answers -Rodent Why can't rodents be used as model organisms for HIV right now? - Answers -Destroys hum