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, Unit III – Vehicles and their Specifications
• Classification of automobiles
Q1. How are automobiles classified? [5m]
Answer: The automobiles are classified as follows -
1. Based on Purpose :
• Passenger vehicles: These vehicles carry passengers. e.g: Buses, Cars, passenger trains.
• Goods vehicles: These vehicles carry goods from one place to another place. e.g: Goods
lorry, Goods carrier.
• Special Purpose: These vehicles include Ambulance, Fire engines, Army Vehicles.
2. Based on Load Capacity:
• Light duty vehicle: Small motor vehicles. eg: Car, jeep, Scooter, motorcycle
• Heavy duty vehicle: large and bulky motor vehicles. e.g: Bus, Truck, Tractor
3. Based on fuel used:
• Petrol engine vehicles : Automobiles powered by a petrol engine. e.g: scooters, cars,
motorcycles.
• Diesel engine vehicles : Automobiles powered by diesel engine. e.g: Trucks, Buses,
Tractors.
• Gas vehicles : Vehicles that use gas turbine as a power source. e.g: Turbine powered cars.
• Electric vehicles : Automobiles that use electricity as a power source. e.g: Electric cars,
electric buses.
• Hybrid Vehicles : Powered by combination of IC Engine & Battery with Electric Motor
• Steam Engine vehicles : Automobiles powered by steam engine. e.g: Steamboat, steam
locomotive, steam wagon.
4. Based on Drive of the vehicles:
• Left-Hand drive : Steering wheel fitted on the left-hand side.
• Right-Hand drive : Steering wheel fitted on the right-hand side.
• Fluid drive : Instead of Gear box , vehicles employing torque converter, fluid flywheel or
hydramatic transmission.
5. Based on number of wheels and axles:
• Two wheeler : motorcycles, scooters
• Three-wheelers : Tempo, auto-rickshaws
• Four wheeler : car, Jeep, Bus, truck
• Six-wheelers : Buses and trucks have six tires out of which four are carried on the rear
wheels for additional reaction.
• Six axle wheeler : Dodge(10 tire) vehicle
6. Based on type of transmission:
• Automatic transmission vehicles: Automobiles that are capable of changing gear ratios
automatically as they move and uses epicyclic gearbox with torque converters.
• Manual transmission vehicles: Automobiles whose gear ratios have to be changed
manually.
• Semi-automatic transmission vehicles: Vehicles that facilitate manual gear changing
with a automatic clutch control
1
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, 7. Based on Suspension system used:
• Convectional – Leaf Spring
• Independent – Coil spring with Torsion bar or air suspension
Main Components of an Automobile :
1. The Basic Structure ( Framework ) : Chassis, Suspension System, Axles, Wheels
2. Engine or Source of Power and Exhaust System : Air & Fuel supply system, IC Engine (
petrol /diesel/other), Exhaust system
3. The Power Train or Transmission system or Gear Box : Clutch, Gear Box, Universal
couplings, Propeller Shaft, Differential, Rear Axle, Transmission shafts
4. Body or Super structure: Cabin, seating arrangement, Storage space
5. The auxiliary systems: Electrical systems ( battery, alternator), Lubrication system, Cooling
System ( radiator ), Front axle, Steering systems, Suspension systems, Braking systems
6. Safety system : Primary or Active safety system ( design/ use of technology in
manufacturing to prevent accidents- Anti lock braking ( ABS), Traction control, cruise
control, mirrors, Rear view camera, etc); Passive safety systems ( to protect the passengers
to minimize risk/severity of injury – Seat belts, Airbags, bucket seats, etc)
• Vehicle Specifications –
2W, 3W, LMV, Trucks, Buses, Multi-axle vehicles
1.(b). Solution:
Heavy Motor Vehicle Specification
ENGINE
Model Tata 697
Type Water-cooled direct injection diesel engine
Max. Engine Output 130 HP at 2400 rpm
Max. Torque 410NM at 1400-1700 rpm
Capacity 5675 cc
Emission norms Euro II
BRAKES
Service brake Fully duplicated, full air S-CAM brake system.
CLUTCH
Type Single plate dry friction
DIMENSION
L X W X H (mm) 6970 X 2434 X 2460
2
Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes
https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes
, Unit III – Vehicles and their Specifications
• Classification of automobiles
Q1. How are automobiles classified? [5m]
Answer: The automobiles are classified as follows -
1. Based on Purpose :
• Passenger vehicles: These vehicles carry passengers. e.g: Buses, Cars, passenger trains.
• Goods vehicles: These vehicles carry goods from one place to another place. e.g: Goods
lorry, Goods carrier.
• Special Purpose: These vehicles include Ambulance, Fire engines, Army Vehicles.
2. Based on Load Capacity:
• Light duty vehicle: Small motor vehicles. eg: Car, jeep, Scooter, motorcycle
• Heavy duty vehicle: large and bulky motor vehicles. e.g: Bus, Truck, Tractor
3. Based on fuel used:
• Petrol engine vehicles : Automobiles powered by a petrol engine. e.g: scooters, cars,
motorcycles.
• Diesel engine vehicles : Automobiles powered by diesel engine. e.g: Trucks, Buses,
Tractors.
• Gas vehicles : Vehicles that use gas turbine as a power source. e.g: Turbine powered cars.
• Electric vehicles : Automobiles that use electricity as a power source. e.g: Electric cars,
electric buses.
• Hybrid Vehicles : Powered by combination of IC Engine & Battery with Electric Motor
• Steam Engine vehicles : Automobiles powered by steam engine. e.g: Steamboat, steam
locomotive, steam wagon.
4. Based on Drive of the vehicles:
• Left-Hand drive : Steering wheel fitted on the left-hand side.
• Right-Hand drive : Steering wheel fitted on the right-hand side.
• Fluid drive : Instead of Gear box , vehicles employing torque converter, fluid flywheel or
hydramatic transmission.
5. Based on number of wheels and axles:
• Two wheeler : motorcycles, scooters
• Three-wheelers : Tempo, auto-rickshaws
• Four wheeler : car, Jeep, Bus, truck
• Six-wheelers : Buses and trucks have six tires out of which four are carried on the rear
wheels for additional reaction.
• Six axle wheeler : Dodge(10 tire) vehicle
6. Based on type of transmission:
• Automatic transmission vehicles: Automobiles that are capable of changing gear ratios
automatically as they move and uses epicyclic gearbox with torque converters.
• Manual transmission vehicles: Automobiles whose gear ratios have to be changed
manually.
• Semi-automatic transmission vehicles: Vehicles that facilitate manual gear changing
with a automatic clutch control
1
Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes
, 7. Based on Suspension system used:
• Convectional – Leaf Spring
• Independent – Coil spring with Torsion bar or air suspension
Main Components of an Automobile :
1. The Basic Structure ( Framework ) : Chassis, Suspension System, Axles, Wheels
2. Engine or Source of Power and Exhaust System : Air & Fuel supply system, IC Engine (
petrol /diesel/other), Exhaust system
3. The Power Train or Transmission system or Gear Box : Clutch, Gear Box, Universal
couplings, Propeller Shaft, Differential, Rear Axle, Transmission shafts
4. Body or Super structure: Cabin, seating arrangement, Storage space
5. The auxiliary systems: Electrical systems ( battery, alternator), Lubrication system, Cooling
System ( radiator ), Front axle, Steering systems, Suspension systems, Braking systems
6. Safety system : Primary or Active safety system ( design/ use of technology in
manufacturing to prevent accidents- Anti lock braking ( ABS), Traction control, cruise
control, mirrors, Rear view camera, etc); Passive safety systems ( to protect the passengers
to minimize risk/severity of injury – Seat belts, Airbags, bucket seats, etc)
• Vehicle Specifications –
2W, 3W, LMV, Trucks, Buses, Multi-axle vehicles
1.(b). Solution:
Heavy Motor Vehicle Specification
ENGINE
Model Tata 697
Type Water-cooled direct injection diesel engine
Max. Engine Output 130 HP at 2400 rpm
Max. Torque 410NM at 1400-1700 rpm
Capacity 5675 cc
Emission norms Euro II
BRAKES
Service brake Fully duplicated, full air S-CAM brake system.
CLUTCH
Type Single plate dry friction
DIMENSION
L X W X H (mm) 6970 X 2434 X 2460
2
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