Nursing 1600 Final Exam Study Guide| BEST LATEST
EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024 2025| RATED A+
Joint Commission Pain Standards r/t Pain Management - ANSWER -Recognize the rights of
patients to appropriate assessment and management of pain
-Assess pain in all patients
-Record the assessment in a way that facilitates regular re-assessment and follow up
-Educate providers, patients, families
-Establish policies that support appropriate prescription or ordering of pain meds
-Include patient needs for symptom control in d/c planning
-Collect data to monitor effectiveness and appropriateness of pain management
3 Types of Pain - ANSWER acute
chronic
cancer
Acute pain - ANSWER -protective
-identifiable cause
-rapid onset
-short duration
-varied intensity
-disappears with healing
Grandpa's scar
Pulling a muscle
Chronic pain - ANSWER -extends beyond healing time becoming own disease
,-lacks identified pathology
-VS no longer indicate pain
-does not provide protective function
-disrupts sleep and ADLs
chronic back pain
Cancer pain - ANSWER -acute, chronic, or intermittent
-r/t to tumor recurrence or treatment
Definition of Pain - ANSWER -The patient is the ONLY one who know whether pain is present
and what the experience is like
-optimal pain management is the RIGHT of every patient
-Carefully observe a patient's behavior AND nonverbal responses to pain when he/she is unable
to self-report
-MOST EFFECTIVE pain management combine pharmacological and non-pharmacological
strategies
-UNPLEASANT SUBJECTIVE SENSORY AND EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE assoc with actual or
potentional disuse damage or described in terms of such damage
Patient-Centered Care (Pain) - ANSWER -Pain is unique to each individual
-Assess each patient's coping style, physical status, past experiences with pain, culture and
ethnicity, expectations for pain relief, and emotional health to design an effective pain
management plan
-EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND CARING
-PAIN IS SUBJECTIVE
-pain scale is important because physician orders meds based on it
,cultural example: Orthodox Jews don't use electricity during Sabbath
Evidence-Based Practice (Pain) - ANSWER -Assess for causes/modifiers of pain
-Report behavioral changes associated with the pain (Teach family behavioral changes assoc.
with pain in pts. unable to report pain)
-Administer preventive analgesia before therapy or before a painful procedure (dressing
change/before PT)
-Use nonopioids cautiously <acetominophen causes liver damage> <NSAIDs cause GI bleeds>
(more dangerous side effects)
-Individualize patient care and avoid misconceptions regarding pain control
-Consider rational polypharmacy (use a lot of diff. meds)
Preemptive analgesia - ANSWER -a method of preventing pain while reducing overall opiod use
Goal: to develop individualized pain management plan to provide optimum pain relief with
minimal adverse effects
Rational polypharmacy (Multimodal doses) - ANSWER new practice
a method of using smaller doses of more medications (fewer side effects, increased pain relief)
Safety Guidelines (Pain) - ANSWER 1. Know a patient's medical history, therapies used, and
medications, including over-the-counter products (make sure pt. mentions herbal remedies)
2. Patients currently receiving opioids for chronic pain often require higher doses to alleviate
new or
increased pain (tolerance- not an early sign of addiction- be aware of all individualized doses
and make sure to report to other caregivers)
3. Drug-drug interactions often occur with the multiple drug use required for people with
chronic pain. (with rational polypharmacy/multimodal analgesia-including enhanced/reduced
side effects)
, 4.Although 0 is an ideal goal for a pain level, in some pain situations, it is not realistic (Most pts.
can complete majority of ADLs with pain 1-2, 3 or above: reassess pt. understanding of pain
scale).
5. Communicate with the health care provider about any significant changes in a patient's
comfort level and the need for changes in the pain management regimen
6. Know your agency policy for frequency of pain
assessment/follow-up assessments. (Q4 hour assessment during first 24 hr of opioid use)
7. Determine the safety of the equipment (Correct programming of the PCA pump/functioning
of any pump)
Inflammation - ANSWER -response to tissue injury/infection
-inflamm. reaction: vascular reaction in which fluid, blood elements, leukocytes, chemical
mediators accumulate at injured tissue/infection site
-is a protective mechanism: body attempts to neutralize/destroy harmful agents and establish
conditions for tissue repair
INFLAMMATION IS NOT THE SAME THING AS INFECTION
an infection is caused by microorganisms; results from inflammation
BUT inflammation does not always result from infection
What medications are commonly used to treat inflammation? - ANSWER non-opioids
5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - ANSWER 1. Pain
2. Heat
3. Redness
4. Edema
EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024 2025| RATED A+
Joint Commission Pain Standards r/t Pain Management - ANSWER -Recognize the rights of
patients to appropriate assessment and management of pain
-Assess pain in all patients
-Record the assessment in a way that facilitates regular re-assessment and follow up
-Educate providers, patients, families
-Establish policies that support appropriate prescription or ordering of pain meds
-Include patient needs for symptom control in d/c planning
-Collect data to monitor effectiveness and appropriateness of pain management
3 Types of Pain - ANSWER acute
chronic
cancer
Acute pain - ANSWER -protective
-identifiable cause
-rapid onset
-short duration
-varied intensity
-disappears with healing
Grandpa's scar
Pulling a muscle
Chronic pain - ANSWER -extends beyond healing time becoming own disease
,-lacks identified pathology
-VS no longer indicate pain
-does not provide protective function
-disrupts sleep and ADLs
chronic back pain
Cancer pain - ANSWER -acute, chronic, or intermittent
-r/t to tumor recurrence or treatment
Definition of Pain - ANSWER -The patient is the ONLY one who know whether pain is present
and what the experience is like
-optimal pain management is the RIGHT of every patient
-Carefully observe a patient's behavior AND nonverbal responses to pain when he/she is unable
to self-report
-MOST EFFECTIVE pain management combine pharmacological and non-pharmacological
strategies
-UNPLEASANT SUBJECTIVE SENSORY AND EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE assoc with actual or
potentional disuse damage or described in terms of such damage
Patient-Centered Care (Pain) - ANSWER -Pain is unique to each individual
-Assess each patient's coping style, physical status, past experiences with pain, culture and
ethnicity, expectations for pain relief, and emotional health to design an effective pain
management plan
-EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND CARING
-PAIN IS SUBJECTIVE
-pain scale is important because physician orders meds based on it
,cultural example: Orthodox Jews don't use electricity during Sabbath
Evidence-Based Practice (Pain) - ANSWER -Assess for causes/modifiers of pain
-Report behavioral changes associated with the pain (Teach family behavioral changes assoc.
with pain in pts. unable to report pain)
-Administer preventive analgesia before therapy or before a painful procedure (dressing
change/before PT)
-Use nonopioids cautiously <acetominophen causes liver damage> <NSAIDs cause GI bleeds>
(more dangerous side effects)
-Individualize patient care and avoid misconceptions regarding pain control
-Consider rational polypharmacy (use a lot of diff. meds)
Preemptive analgesia - ANSWER -a method of preventing pain while reducing overall opiod use
Goal: to develop individualized pain management plan to provide optimum pain relief with
minimal adverse effects
Rational polypharmacy (Multimodal doses) - ANSWER new practice
a method of using smaller doses of more medications (fewer side effects, increased pain relief)
Safety Guidelines (Pain) - ANSWER 1. Know a patient's medical history, therapies used, and
medications, including over-the-counter products (make sure pt. mentions herbal remedies)
2. Patients currently receiving opioids for chronic pain often require higher doses to alleviate
new or
increased pain (tolerance- not an early sign of addiction- be aware of all individualized doses
and make sure to report to other caregivers)
3. Drug-drug interactions often occur with the multiple drug use required for people with
chronic pain. (with rational polypharmacy/multimodal analgesia-including enhanced/reduced
side effects)
, 4.Although 0 is an ideal goal for a pain level, in some pain situations, it is not realistic (Most pts.
can complete majority of ADLs with pain 1-2, 3 or above: reassess pt. understanding of pain
scale).
5. Communicate with the health care provider about any significant changes in a patient's
comfort level and the need for changes in the pain management regimen
6. Know your agency policy for frequency of pain
assessment/follow-up assessments. (Q4 hour assessment during first 24 hr of opioid use)
7. Determine the safety of the equipment (Correct programming of the PCA pump/functioning
of any pump)
Inflammation - ANSWER -response to tissue injury/infection
-inflamm. reaction: vascular reaction in which fluid, blood elements, leukocytes, chemical
mediators accumulate at injured tissue/infection site
-is a protective mechanism: body attempts to neutralize/destroy harmful agents and establish
conditions for tissue repair
INFLAMMATION IS NOT THE SAME THING AS INFECTION
an infection is caused by microorganisms; results from inflammation
BUT inflammation does not always result from infection
What medications are commonly used to treat inflammation? - ANSWER non-opioids
5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - ANSWER 1. Pain
2. Heat
3. Redness
4. Edema
