marieb, 9780134580999, covering chapters 1-29 | includes rationales | questions
and answers| guranteed to passs| 100% accuracy
Metabolism - (answers)Biochemical reactions that occur within the body, divided into two
phases: catabolism and anabolism.
Catabolism - (answers)Chemical reactions that break down complex substances into simpler
substances.
Anabolism - (answers)Chemical reactions that build up simple substances into complex
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substances.
Excretion - (answers)Removal of the waste byproducts of metabolic reactions; it prevents
substances from reaching toxic levels in the body; To avoid a build up of this byproduct in the
body, it is excreted when breathing out.
Responsiveness/regulation - (answers)The ability of the human body to detect changes in the
environment and make any appropriate responses.
Responsiveness - (answers)is important to ensure survival. For example, the nervous system can
detect tissue damage such as when you burn your finger on a hot iron and initiate the appropriate
response, e.g. withdrawal of the hand.
Movement - (answers)A change in position or location (can occur at all levels of structural
organization). Movement of certain substances or cells around the body at key points in time is
crucial for the correct functioning of many of the systems of the body, e.g. the heart pumps blood
around the body.
Growth - (answers)An increase in body size due to cell development and differentiation.
, Differentiation - (answers)The process by which an unspecialized cell becomes specialized.
Each cell in the body has a different structure to that of its precursor cell. For example, red blood
cells and some white blood cells arise from the same type of cell in the bone marrow.
Reproduction - (answers)Refers to the formation of new cells within an individual in order to
repair, replace, or grow new tissue. It can can also refer to the fertilization of an egg by a sperm
at the beginning of a new life.
5 levels of organization: - (answers)Chemical > Cellular > Tissue > Organ > System > Organism
(the body).
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The chemical level - (answers)is the most basic level of structural organization.
The human body - (answers)is made up of chemical elements called atoms. Oxygen, carbon,
hydrogen, and nitrogen make up 96% of the body's mass. There are 22 other elements that also
commonly occur in the human body, such as iron for example.
Atoms: - (answers)combine to form molecules, for example water, glucose, and DNA. The
properties of different atoms, and therefore molecules, result in a wide array of chemical
reactions, and this leads to a greater degree of complexity in the higher levels of structural
organization.
The cellular level: - (answers)There are many different types of cells found in the body, such as
sperm cells or nerve cells. The sum of the chemical reactions in a cell makes up its structure and
function. Often these reactions are confined to specific regions within a cell, known as
organelles. These are made of molecules organized into special functional units.
The tissue level: - (answers)There are four basic types of tissue grouped together by common
features of structure and function:
1. Epithelial
2. Connective