HYPERSENSITIVITIES - N5315 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE

HYPERSENSITIVITIES - N5315 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE A pathological immune response to an antigen which causes tissue and cellular damage to the host What is a hypersensitivity? 4 types; Types 1-4 How many types of hypersensitivities are there? It implies an intolerance of our immune system to our own (endogenous) antigens What does autoimmunity imply? Implies the formation of antibodies to foreign antigens (exogenous antigens) What does alloimmunity imply? The pathologic consequence of autoimmunity What is an Autoimmune Disease? A pathogen which triggers the immune response What often precipitates autoimmune disease? It then turns against our own antigens What happens to the immune response that was initiated against the pathogen? The pathologic consequence of alloimmunity What is alloimmune disease? An immediate hypersensitivity response to an environmental allergen What it Type I hypersensitivity? Allergies to food, medication, pollen, etc. What are most Type I hypersensitivity reactions attributed to? Minutes to hours from time of exposure How long do Type I hypersensitivity reactions occur after exposure to the allergen? Antibody IgE What does the Type I hypersensitivity pathogenesis begin with? It binds with the allergen What does IgE do upon initial exposure to the allergen? It primes the stage for a reaction to occur later What does the binding of IgE to the allergen do? (dependent on route the allergen entered the body); include urticarial, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma What are the clinical manifestations of Type I hypersensitivities? Environmental allergies, asthma exacerbation, food allergies, drug allergies, animal allergies, and insect venom allergies Angioedema which causes swelling of lips, eyes, and larynx. (Anaphylaxis is most severe reaction. Is treated with epinephrine). Atopic Disorders include hay fever, asthma, eczema, and urticarial. They have strong genetic disposition. What are some examples of Type I hypersensitivities? (Antibody mediated or Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity); a reaction which is mediated by antibodies directed against fixed antigens on the plasma membranes of the cells; it is an IgG and IgM antibody mediated reaction What is Type II Hypersensitivity? Binding of IgG and IgM to an antigen on the plasma membrane What does Type II Hypersensitivity pathogenesis begin with? It activates complement and it forms the membrane attack complex (MAC) which causes cell lysis What does the binding of IgG and IgM do?