GENETICS - N5315 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
DNA molecule
double helix structure
provides a code for all the body's proteins
DNA - 4 nitrogenous bases
adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
mutation
any inherited alteration of genetic material
Base Pair substitution mutation
one base pair is replaced by another
frame shift mutation
insertion or deletion of one or more base pairs (not a multiple of 3) to the DNA molecule
can greatly alter the resulting amino acid sequence
RNA
ribonucleic acid
uracil replaces thymine in the 4 bases
single strand
, Transcription
process by which RNA is synthesized from DNA
forms mRNA
Translation
process by which RNA directs the synthesis of a polypeptide
the interaction of mRNA and tRNA, aided by ribosomes, translate an amino acid to
make a growing polypeptide
chromosome
thread-like structure contained in the nucleus of a cell; made of protein and one DNA
molecule
somatic cell
all non-gametes (sex cells)
46 chromosomes in nucleus consisting of 23 pairs
mitosis for replication
gametes
sperm and egg cells
23 chromosomes
meiosis for replication
23 chromosomes - consist of
22 pairs autosomes (not involved in gender)
1 pair = 2 sex chromosomes determining gender
polyploidy
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
DNA molecule
double helix structure
provides a code for all the body's proteins
DNA - 4 nitrogenous bases
adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
mutation
any inherited alteration of genetic material
Base Pair substitution mutation
one base pair is replaced by another
frame shift mutation
insertion or deletion of one or more base pairs (not a multiple of 3) to the DNA molecule
can greatly alter the resulting amino acid sequence
RNA
ribonucleic acid
uracil replaces thymine in the 4 bases
single strand
, Transcription
process by which RNA is synthesized from DNA
forms mRNA
Translation
process by which RNA directs the synthesis of a polypeptide
the interaction of mRNA and tRNA, aided by ribosomes, translate an amino acid to
make a growing polypeptide
chromosome
thread-like structure contained in the nucleus of a cell; made of protein and one DNA
molecule
somatic cell
all non-gametes (sex cells)
46 chromosomes in nucleus consisting of 23 pairs
mitosis for replication
gametes
sperm and egg cells
23 chromosomes
meiosis for replication
23 chromosomes - consist of
22 pairs autosomes (not involved in gender)
1 pair = 2 sex chromosomes determining gender
polyploidy
