N5315 TEST 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++

N5315 TEST 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Leptin A hormone produced by the obesity gene (ob gene). High leptin levels inhibit the appetite by blocking neurons that trigger hunger, and stimulating neurons that suppress the appetite Low levels increase appetite and decrease energy use leptin resistance a condition in which higher-than-normal blood levels of the hormone leptin do not produce the expected physiological response Increases HTN, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, CV disease, cancer, and insulin resistance Adiponectin A protein produced by visceral adipose cells that inhibits inflammation and protects against insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease Levels decrease in obesity, which contributes to Type 2 DM, and insulin resistance, and decreased glucose usage, but increased levels of gluconeogenesis by the liver Gluconeogenesis The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids. Endocannabinoids Endocannabinoids are derived from arachidonic acid. They increase the appetite, enhance nutrient absorption, stimulate lipogenesis and increase white adipose tissue. They inhibit energy expenditure. Ghrelin Produced by the gastric mucosa and stimulates eating It promotes satiety, vasodilation, and is cardioprotective. In persons without obesity, ghrelin levels increase with hunger and a decrease is noted after eating. In persons with