N5315 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUIZ #2 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What are the 5 types of Immunity?
-Natural Immunity (Innate Resistance/Immunity)
-Acquired Immunity
-Passive Acquired Immunity
-Humoral Immunity
-Cell-Mediated Immunity
Define Natural Immunity (Innate Resistance/Immunity):
-resistance that exist prior to exposure to a microbe
-we are born with this resistance
-based on genotypes and species
What nonspecific barriers to infection does Natural Immunity provide?
-skin
-mucous membranes
-certain cells (NK cells)
-certain proteins (complement cytokines)
-inflammation
-phagocytosis
,-does not improve at exposure
-functions to kill invading microorganisms and activates acquired immunity
Name the cells of innate immunity?
-phagocytic cells
-antigen presenting cells
-natural killer cells
-complement
Define Phagocytic cells:
-cell of innate immunity (Natural Immunity or Innate Resistance/Immunity)
-includes: Neutrophils, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells
Define Neutrophils:
-present during acute inflammation
-responsible for engulfing microbes & kills them by using cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase
Cytoplasmic Myeloperoxidase is toxic to ?
Pathogens
Define Macrophages:
-derived from monocytes, which leave the blood stream and differentiate tissues
Define Dendritic Cells:
-engulf antigens in the epithelia of skin, GI and respiratory trace
Define Antigen presenting cells (APC):
-dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells
-Ingest and process antigens
,-peptides loaded on to their major histocompatibility complex II molecule & presented to
T Cell
Define Natural Killer Cells:
-contain granules that attack & kill virus-infected or cancer cells
Define Complement:
-compromised of collection of proteins formed by cascade of events
-they form the membrane attack complex and lyse a pathogen's cell membrance
Define acquired immunity:
Acquired or adaptive immunity develops in response to exposure to a foreign or nonself
substance. The cells involved are memory cells that provide long-term protection
against specific antigens. Acquired immunity is obtained from the development of
antibodies when the human is exposed to an antigen or is obtained as the result of a
vaccination or an attack of an infectious disease. Acquired immunity can be the result of
the transmission of antibodies from mother to fetus via the placenta.
What immunity is the basis of Vaccinations?
Acquired Immunity
Define Passive Immunity:
- immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies or T-cells from another person
or animal.
What are the 2 passive acquired immunities?
-Natural Passive Immunity
-Artificial Passive Immunity
Natural passive immunity occurs when?
, -Fetuses receive antibodies across the placenta from their mothers
-Babies receive the initial breast milk from mothers (the colostrum) which delivers a
certain isotype of antibody (IgA)
Artificial Passive Immunity occurs when?
-antibodies given to recipient to provide immunity
-provides immediate protection
-immunity only lasts as long as the antibodies (approximately 2 weeks)
-good way to fight infection
What type of immunity is used to treat rabies, tetanus, hepatitis and snake bites?
Artificial Passive Immunity
Define Humoral immunity:
This involves B-cells and antibodies, soluble in blood and tissue fluids of body. The B-
cells produce specific antibodies, specific to one antigen.
What does Humoral immunity provide immunity against?
-viral infections
-toxin induced diseases
-diseases caused by pneumococci, meningococci or Haemophilus
Define Cell-Medicated Immunity:
-immunity active against cells infected w/intracellular bacteria or viruses
-immunity conferred by T-Cells
Cell-Medicated Immunity defends against__________?
-cancer
-fungal infections
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What are the 5 types of Immunity?
-Natural Immunity (Innate Resistance/Immunity)
-Acquired Immunity
-Passive Acquired Immunity
-Humoral Immunity
-Cell-Mediated Immunity
Define Natural Immunity (Innate Resistance/Immunity):
-resistance that exist prior to exposure to a microbe
-we are born with this resistance
-based on genotypes and species
What nonspecific barriers to infection does Natural Immunity provide?
-skin
-mucous membranes
-certain cells (NK cells)
-certain proteins (complement cytokines)
-inflammation
-phagocytosis
,-does not improve at exposure
-functions to kill invading microorganisms and activates acquired immunity
Name the cells of innate immunity?
-phagocytic cells
-antigen presenting cells
-natural killer cells
-complement
Define Phagocytic cells:
-cell of innate immunity (Natural Immunity or Innate Resistance/Immunity)
-includes: Neutrophils, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells
Define Neutrophils:
-present during acute inflammation
-responsible for engulfing microbes & kills them by using cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase
Cytoplasmic Myeloperoxidase is toxic to ?
Pathogens
Define Macrophages:
-derived from monocytes, which leave the blood stream and differentiate tissues
Define Dendritic Cells:
-engulf antigens in the epithelia of skin, GI and respiratory trace
Define Antigen presenting cells (APC):
-dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells
-Ingest and process antigens
,-peptides loaded on to their major histocompatibility complex II molecule & presented to
T Cell
Define Natural Killer Cells:
-contain granules that attack & kill virus-infected or cancer cells
Define Complement:
-compromised of collection of proteins formed by cascade of events
-they form the membrane attack complex and lyse a pathogen's cell membrance
Define acquired immunity:
Acquired or adaptive immunity develops in response to exposure to a foreign or nonself
substance. The cells involved are memory cells that provide long-term protection
against specific antigens. Acquired immunity is obtained from the development of
antibodies when the human is exposed to an antigen or is obtained as the result of a
vaccination or an attack of an infectious disease. Acquired immunity can be the result of
the transmission of antibodies from mother to fetus via the placenta.
What immunity is the basis of Vaccinations?
Acquired Immunity
Define Passive Immunity:
- immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies or T-cells from another person
or animal.
What are the 2 passive acquired immunities?
-Natural Passive Immunity
-Artificial Passive Immunity
Natural passive immunity occurs when?
, -Fetuses receive antibodies across the placenta from their mothers
-Babies receive the initial breast milk from mothers (the colostrum) which delivers a
certain isotype of antibody (IgA)
Artificial Passive Immunity occurs when?
-antibodies given to recipient to provide immunity
-provides immediate protection
-immunity only lasts as long as the antibodies (approximately 2 weeks)
-good way to fight infection
What type of immunity is used to treat rabies, tetanus, hepatitis and snake bites?
Artificial Passive Immunity
Define Humoral immunity:
This involves B-cells and antibodies, soluble in blood and tissue fluids of body. The B-
cells produce specific antibodies, specific to one antigen.
What does Humoral immunity provide immunity against?
-viral infections
-toxin induced diseases
-diseases caused by pneumococci, meningococci or Haemophilus
Define Cell-Medicated Immunity:
-immunity active against cells infected w/intracellular bacteria or viruses
-immunity conferred by T-Cells
Cell-Medicated Immunity defends against__________?
-cancer
-fungal infections
