Sociology 2178 - Navigating Life - Final Exam
1. Week 8!: Health Status and Health-Care Transitions in an Aging Context
2. How does the World Health Organization (WHO) define health?: "The state of complete mental, physical, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."
3. What are the two models of care?: - 1. Medical.
- 2. Social.
4. Describe the Health Promotion Model (HPM).: Promotes healthy behaviours and targets individuals or groups.
It recognizes importance of inequality, environ- ment, and community, but also emphasizes individual behaviours.
5. Describe the Population Health Model (PHM).: Focuses on identifying determi- nants of health.
6. Describe the Population Health Promotion Model (PHPM), developed by Hamilton and Bhatti.: - Developed
in the 1990s in response to a growing interest in identifying determinants of health.
- Focuses on all three levels (micro, meso, and macro).
- Health promotion strategies and policy making.
7. Social determinants of health are those economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals.
They interact over the life course, meaning that they are .: cumulative.
8. Socioeconomic status affects a number of risk and protective factors that influence people's health and their
help-seeking patterns. This includes edu- cation, occupation, and economic capital.
The key takeaway is that SES/resources and health have an relationship.-
: inverse.
9. When it comes to health, the inequality generated by social systems is
.: cumulative.
10. Define morbidity compression.: - The tendency for the onset of disease in later life to be compressed into a
shorter period at the end of life.
- If this compression is taking place, then people are living longer with an extended period of good health, and future
cohorts of elderly persons might use fewer healthcare resources.
11.Explain what disability-free life expectancy/healthy life expectancy is.: - Used to estimate the average
number of years of life remaining (at a given age) without disability.
, Sociology 2178 - Navigating Life - Final Exam
12.What are the differences between women and men in health and aging?: - Women live longer than men.
- Women experience more years with disability, non-fatal chronic diseases, and stress/anxiety.
- Women use healthcare services, medication, and residential care facilities more often.
13.Among Canadians aged 45-64, there was a significant between re- cent
decades in the prevalence of arthritis/rheumatism, hypertension, heart disease, and bronchitis/emphysema.
However, there were significant in the prevalence of diabetes, asthma, and migraine
headaches: decrease.
increase.
14.What were the three major causes of death in Canada in 2022?: - 1. Heart disease.
- 2. Cancer.
- 3. Covid.
15.According to Evert et al. (2003), evidence suggests that there may be multiple routes and phenotypes
to longevity, such as:
1. : Those who experience an age-related illness before age 80 but make it to 100+.
2. : Those who do not experience an age-related illness before age 80 and make it to 100+.
3. : Those who reach 100 without experiencing an age-related disease.: -
1. Survivors.
- 2. Delayers.
- 3. Escapers.
16.There are 3 interlocking multimorbidity resilience domains. What are they?: - 1. Functional resilience.
- 2. Social resilience.
- 3. Psychological resilience.
17.What are the three types of care?: - 1. Self care.
- 2. Informal care (family, friends, neighbours)
1. Week 8!: Health Status and Health-Care Transitions in an Aging Context
2. How does the World Health Organization (WHO) define health?: "The state of complete mental, physical, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."
3. What are the two models of care?: - 1. Medical.
- 2. Social.
4. Describe the Health Promotion Model (HPM).: Promotes healthy behaviours and targets individuals or groups.
It recognizes importance of inequality, environ- ment, and community, but also emphasizes individual behaviours.
5. Describe the Population Health Model (PHM).: Focuses on identifying determi- nants of health.
6. Describe the Population Health Promotion Model (PHPM), developed by Hamilton and Bhatti.: - Developed
in the 1990s in response to a growing interest in identifying determinants of health.
- Focuses on all three levels (micro, meso, and macro).
- Health promotion strategies and policy making.
7. Social determinants of health are those economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals.
They interact over the life course, meaning that they are .: cumulative.
8. Socioeconomic status affects a number of risk and protective factors that influence people's health and their
help-seeking patterns. This includes edu- cation, occupation, and economic capital.
The key takeaway is that SES/resources and health have an relationship.-
: inverse.
9. When it comes to health, the inequality generated by social systems is
.: cumulative.
10. Define morbidity compression.: - The tendency for the onset of disease in later life to be compressed into a
shorter period at the end of life.
- If this compression is taking place, then people are living longer with an extended period of good health, and future
cohorts of elderly persons might use fewer healthcare resources.
11.Explain what disability-free life expectancy/healthy life expectancy is.: - Used to estimate the average
number of years of life remaining (at a given age) without disability.
, Sociology 2178 - Navigating Life - Final Exam
12.What are the differences between women and men in health and aging?: - Women live longer than men.
- Women experience more years with disability, non-fatal chronic diseases, and stress/anxiety.
- Women use healthcare services, medication, and residential care facilities more often.
13.Among Canadians aged 45-64, there was a significant between re- cent
decades in the prevalence of arthritis/rheumatism, hypertension, heart disease, and bronchitis/emphysema.
However, there were significant in the prevalence of diabetes, asthma, and migraine
headaches: decrease.
increase.
14.What were the three major causes of death in Canada in 2022?: - 1. Heart disease.
- 2. Cancer.
- 3. Covid.
15.According to Evert et al. (2003), evidence suggests that there may be multiple routes and phenotypes
to longevity, such as:
1. : Those who experience an age-related illness before age 80 but make it to 100+.
2. : Those who do not experience an age-related illness before age 80 and make it to 100+.
3. : Those who reach 100 without experiencing an age-related disease.: -
1. Survivors.
- 2. Delayers.
- 3. Escapers.
16.There are 3 interlocking multimorbidity resilience domains. What are they?: - 1. Functional resilience.
- 2. Social resilience.
- 3. Psychological resilience.
17.What are the three types of care?: - 1. Self care.
- 2. Informal care (family, friends, neighbours)
