EPPP Clinical Psychology (PrepJet) Exam
Questions and Answers
4 steps in Psychoanalysis ANSWERS 1. Confrontation: Help clients see their
behaviors that have been hidden from them and their possible causes.
2. Clarification: Bring those behaviors into sharper focus by honing in on the most
important details.
3. Interpretation: Directly connecting conscious behaviors to unconscious processes
4. Working through: results from repeatedly interpreting and having catharsis, leads to a
gradual process where people gain new insights.
Adler's Individual Psychology ANSWERS We are motivated by our goals in life
rather than by unconscious forces. We are also motivated by feelings of inferiority which
leads to striving for superiority
Style of Life (Adler) ANSWERS specific ways person compensates for inferiority &
to achieve superiority
object constancy ANSWERS the development of mental representations
(introjects) of the self and objects that allow the individual to value an object for reasons
other than its ability to satisfy the individual's needs.
3 Stages of Object Constancy ANSWERS 1. Normal Autistic stage: happens in
the first few weeks of life, infants are totally unaware of their external environment.
2. Normal Symbiotic Stage: Infants become aware of external environment but cant
differentiate (separate) themselves from their caregiver
3. Separation individuation: begins at 5 months and continues until the child is 3 years
old. Consists of 4 substages where object constancy gradually develops
a. Differentiation
b. Practicing
c. Rapproachment
d. Beginning of object constancy
Gestalt Therapy ANSWERS People are motivated by maintain homeostasis,
which is disrupted by unmet needs. They seek to obtain something from the
environment to meet those needs. Maladjustment results from boundary disturbances.
Gestalt boundary disturbances ANSWERS 1. Introjection (swallowing up): People
adopt others perspectives and beliefs without questioning them.
2. Projection: People project out undesirable things onto other people
3. Retroflection: people do to themselves what they want to do to others, like cutting.
,4. Deflection: People avoid contact with the environment
5. Confluence: When people blur the distinction between themselves and others.
Gestalt Therapy techniques ANSWERS All about gaining AWARENESS. Empty
chair technique, dreamwork, or to resolved "unfinished business" with a significant
person in their life. Help them distinguish between their. Help them distinguish between
transference fantasy vs. reality.
Existensial Therapy 4 areas of disturbance ANSWERS § Death
§ Freedom
§ Isolation
§ Meaningless
Two Types of Anxiety (existential Therapy) ANSWERS 1) Normal (existential
anxiety) related to legitimate objective threats. Does NOT involve repression And 2)
Neurotic anxiety, disproportionate, involves repression. Neurotic anxiety keeps people
from reaching their full potential
Reality Therapy (Glasser)- 5 basic needs ANSWERS Based on Choice theory.
People have 5 basic innate needs. How they meet these needs determines if they have
a success or failure identity
1. Love and belonging
2. Power
3. Fun
4. Freedom
5. Survival
Wubboldings WDEP system ANSWERS Strategy for getting someone to adopt a
success identity. Ask about
Wants and Needs
See what they are Doing to foster awareness of behaviors
Encourage clients to Evaluate his/her own behaviors, and
Help them create a Plan of action
Seligmann's PERMA model ANSWERS describes the 5 essential elements of
well-being (positive psychology)
Positive Emotions: experiencing pleasure, hope, gratitude, love and other positive
emotions
Engagement: Refers to being truly engaged, characterized by Flow- total
Relationships
Meaning: being dedicated to a cause bigger than oneself
Accomplishment-achievement
Personal Construct Therapy: (Kelly) ANSWERS Focuses on how people construe
events and tries to change them. Personal constructs, involve bipolar dimensions of
meaning like fair/unfair, friend/enemy. Developed fixed role therapy to help clients try
, out alternative constructs, like playing out a fictional character who doesn't suck as
much as you do.
3 Stages of Interpersonal Psychotherapy ANSWERS 1. Initial Stage: Determine
diagnosis and interpersonal context of symptoms. For depression, problem areas are
interpersonal role disputes, interpersonal role transitions, interpersonal deficits, and
grief.
a. During this stage, they are assigned the "sick role" -allows them to just be sick
without blaming themselves. Helps them view their condition as temporary and
treatable.
2. Middle Phase: Use strategies to treat the problem, like encouragement of affect, role-
playing, communication analysis, and decision analysis.
3. Final Stage: Address issues related to termination and relapse prevention.
3 questions in Solution Focused Therapy ANSWERS 1. Miracle Question: Helps
orient client to future/goals.
2. Exception Questions: When did you not feel this way over past 2 weeks?
3. Scale questions
People in the Precontemplation phase of Transtheoretical Model would benefit from?
ANSWERS a. 1)Consciousness raising, 2)Dramatic relief (experiencing and
expressing emotions) and 3)Environmental reevaluation (examining how the
environment affects their behavior)
Motivation to change is determined by these 3 factors ANSWERS 1. Decisional
balance: their beliefs about the pros vs cons of bx change, this is most important during
contemplation stage.
2. Self efficacy: refers to the confidence they have about their ability to change and
avoid relapse? Important determinant if someone from contemplation to preparation and
then preparation to action.
3. Temptation: intensity of urge, most strong in first few stages.
2 Types of Feedback Loops ANSWERS Negative Feedback loops: resist change
and help a system maintain the status quo
Positive feedback loops: Amplify change and disrupt the status quo.
Double Bind Communication: (Bateson) ANSWERS Occurs when a person
receives two contradictory messages from a family member and is not allowed to
comment on the contradiction - linked to development of schizophrenia..
Symmetrical Interactions ANSWERS reflect equality and occur when the behavior
of one person elicits a similar type of behavior from the other. These can escalate in
intensity and become a "one-upmanship game"
Questions and Answers
4 steps in Psychoanalysis ANSWERS 1. Confrontation: Help clients see their
behaviors that have been hidden from them and their possible causes.
2. Clarification: Bring those behaviors into sharper focus by honing in on the most
important details.
3. Interpretation: Directly connecting conscious behaviors to unconscious processes
4. Working through: results from repeatedly interpreting and having catharsis, leads to a
gradual process where people gain new insights.
Adler's Individual Psychology ANSWERS We are motivated by our goals in life
rather than by unconscious forces. We are also motivated by feelings of inferiority which
leads to striving for superiority
Style of Life (Adler) ANSWERS specific ways person compensates for inferiority &
to achieve superiority
object constancy ANSWERS the development of mental representations
(introjects) of the self and objects that allow the individual to value an object for reasons
other than its ability to satisfy the individual's needs.
3 Stages of Object Constancy ANSWERS 1. Normal Autistic stage: happens in
the first few weeks of life, infants are totally unaware of their external environment.
2. Normal Symbiotic Stage: Infants become aware of external environment but cant
differentiate (separate) themselves from their caregiver
3. Separation individuation: begins at 5 months and continues until the child is 3 years
old. Consists of 4 substages where object constancy gradually develops
a. Differentiation
b. Practicing
c. Rapproachment
d. Beginning of object constancy
Gestalt Therapy ANSWERS People are motivated by maintain homeostasis,
which is disrupted by unmet needs. They seek to obtain something from the
environment to meet those needs. Maladjustment results from boundary disturbances.
Gestalt boundary disturbances ANSWERS 1. Introjection (swallowing up): People
adopt others perspectives and beliefs without questioning them.
2. Projection: People project out undesirable things onto other people
3. Retroflection: people do to themselves what they want to do to others, like cutting.
,4. Deflection: People avoid contact with the environment
5. Confluence: When people blur the distinction between themselves and others.
Gestalt Therapy techniques ANSWERS All about gaining AWARENESS. Empty
chair technique, dreamwork, or to resolved "unfinished business" with a significant
person in their life. Help them distinguish between their. Help them distinguish between
transference fantasy vs. reality.
Existensial Therapy 4 areas of disturbance ANSWERS § Death
§ Freedom
§ Isolation
§ Meaningless
Two Types of Anxiety (existential Therapy) ANSWERS 1) Normal (existential
anxiety) related to legitimate objective threats. Does NOT involve repression And 2)
Neurotic anxiety, disproportionate, involves repression. Neurotic anxiety keeps people
from reaching their full potential
Reality Therapy (Glasser)- 5 basic needs ANSWERS Based on Choice theory.
People have 5 basic innate needs. How they meet these needs determines if they have
a success or failure identity
1. Love and belonging
2. Power
3. Fun
4. Freedom
5. Survival
Wubboldings WDEP system ANSWERS Strategy for getting someone to adopt a
success identity. Ask about
Wants and Needs
See what they are Doing to foster awareness of behaviors
Encourage clients to Evaluate his/her own behaviors, and
Help them create a Plan of action
Seligmann's PERMA model ANSWERS describes the 5 essential elements of
well-being (positive psychology)
Positive Emotions: experiencing pleasure, hope, gratitude, love and other positive
emotions
Engagement: Refers to being truly engaged, characterized by Flow- total
Relationships
Meaning: being dedicated to a cause bigger than oneself
Accomplishment-achievement
Personal Construct Therapy: (Kelly) ANSWERS Focuses on how people construe
events and tries to change them. Personal constructs, involve bipolar dimensions of
meaning like fair/unfair, friend/enemy. Developed fixed role therapy to help clients try
, out alternative constructs, like playing out a fictional character who doesn't suck as
much as you do.
3 Stages of Interpersonal Psychotherapy ANSWERS 1. Initial Stage: Determine
diagnosis and interpersonal context of symptoms. For depression, problem areas are
interpersonal role disputes, interpersonal role transitions, interpersonal deficits, and
grief.
a. During this stage, they are assigned the "sick role" -allows them to just be sick
without blaming themselves. Helps them view their condition as temporary and
treatable.
2. Middle Phase: Use strategies to treat the problem, like encouragement of affect, role-
playing, communication analysis, and decision analysis.
3. Final Stage: Address issues related to termination and relapse prevention.
3 questions in Solution Focused Therapy ANSWERS 1. Miracle Question: Helps
orient client to future/goals.
2. Exception Questions: When did you not feel this way over past 2 weeks?
3. Scale questions
People in the Precontemplation phase of Transtheoretical Model would benefit from?
ANSWERS a. 1)Consciousness raising, 2)Dramatic relief (experiencing and
expressing emotions) and 3)Environmental reevaluation (examining how the
environment affects their behavior)
Motivation to change is determined by these 3 factors ANSWERS 1. Decisional
balance: their beliefs about the pros vs cons of bx change, this is most important during
contemplation stage.
2. Self efficacy: refers to the confidence they have about their ability to change and
avoid relapse? Important determinant if someone from contemplation to preparation and
then preparation to action.
3. Temptation: intensity of urge, most strong in first few stages.
2 Types of Feedback Loops ANSWERS Negative Feedback loops: resist change
and help a system maintain the status quo
Positive feedback loops: Amplify change and disrupt the status quo.
Double Bind Communication: (Bateson) ANSWERS Occurs when a person
receives two contradictory messages from a family member and is not allowed to
comment on the contradiction - linked to development of schizophrenia..
Symmetrical Interactions ANSWERS reflect equality and occur when the behavior
of one person elicits a similar type of behavior from the other. These can escalate in
intensity and become a "one-upmanship game"
