CWRU-BIO215-Exam 2
energy - *answers *capacity to do work
Compare potential energy and kinetic energy. Classify different energy forms into one of these
two categories - *answers *potential energy is the possibility to do work:
-chemical potential
-concentration gradient
-gravitational
-stored mechanical
kinetic energy
-electrical
-sound
-radiant
-thermal
-motion
Explain why cells need energy? Describe the types and examples of cellular work. - *answers
*1. synthetic work
2. mechanical work
3. concentration work
4. electrical work
5. generation of heat
6. generation of light
Explain how energy and matter are used in the biosphere. Specifically explain this statement:
"Energy flows through the biosphere while matter is recycled". - *answers *
, CWRU-BIO215-Exam 2
autotroph - *answers *an organism that produces its own energy though light and inorganic
chemical reactions
heterotroph - *answers *an organism that uses organic carbons for its growth
chemotroph - *answers *heterotroph that uses chemicals for energy
phototroph - *answers *heterotroph that uses light for energy
thermodynamics - *answers *take energy from 1 form and transfer it to another
1st law of thermodynamics - *answers *energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be
transformed
2ed law of thermodynamics - *answers *energy transformation goes towards higher disorder
(entropy) of a system
free energy in a spontaneous process - *answers *a spontaneous process occurs when there is
a -ΔG, -ΔH, and +ΔS so a decrease in free energy is exothermic and more disordered.
Spontaneous processes are exergonic
ΔG - *answers *tells us the free energy in a system / the amount of energy available to do work
if ΔG=0 the system is at equilibrium
Gibbs's free energy formula - *answers *ΔG= free energy
ΔS= change in entropy ( disorder)
ΔH= change in enthalpy (heat)
energy - *answers *capacity to do work
Compare potential energy and kinetic energy. Classify different energy forms into one of these
two categories - *answers *potential energy is the possibility to do work:
-chemical potential
-concentration gradient
-gravitational
-stored mechanical
kinetic energy
-electrical
-sound
-radiant
-thermal
-motion
Explain why cells need energy? Describe the types and examples of cellular work. - *answers
*1. synthetic work
2. mechanical work
3. concentration work
4. electrical work
5. generation of heat
6. generation of light
Explain how energy and matter are used in the biosphere. Specifically explain this statement:
"Energy flows through the biosphere while matter is recycled". - *answers *
, CWRU-BIO215-Exam 2
autotroph - *answers *an organism that produces its own energy though light and inorganic
chemical reactions
heterotroph - *answers *an organism that uses organic carbons for its growth
chemotroph - *answers *heterotroph that uses chemicals for energy
phototroph - *answers *heterotroph that uses light for energy
thermodynamics - *answers *take energy from 1 form and transfer it to another
1st law of thermodynamics - *answers *energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be
transformed
2ed law of thermodynamics - *answers *energy transformation goes towards higher disorder
(entropy) of a system
free energy in a spontaneous process - *answers *a spontaneous process occurs when there is
a -ΔG, -ΔH, and +ΔS so a decrease in free energy is exothermic and more disordered.
Spontaneous processes are exergonic
ΔG - *answers *tells us the free energy in a system / the amount of energy available to do work
if ΔG=0 the system is at equilibrium
Gibbs's free energy formula - *answers *ΔG= free energy
ΔS= change in entropy ( disorder)
ΔH= change in enthalpy (heat)
