,Chapter .1 .Making, .Problem .Solving, .Critical .Thinking, .and .Clinical .Reasoning: .Requisites .for .successful
.leadership .and .management
1. What .statement .is .true .regarding .decision .making?
A) It .is .an .analysis .of .a .situation
B) It .is .closely .related .to .evaluation
C) It .involves .choosing .between .courses .of .action
D) It .is .dependent .upon .finding .the .cause .of .a .problem .Ans: .C .Feedback:
Decision .making .is .a .complex .cognitive .process .often .defined .as .choosing .a .particular .course .of .action.
Problem .solving .is .part .of .decision .making .and .is .a .systematic .process .that .focuses .on .analyzing .a
difficult .situation. .Critical .thinking, .sometimes .referred .to .as .reflective .thinking, .is .related .to .evaluation
.and .has .a .broader .scope .than .decision .making .and .problem .solving.
2. What
1. A) .Its .need .for .implementation .time
2. B) .Its .lack .of .a .step .requiring .evaluation .of .results
3. C) .Its .failure .to .gather .sufficient .data
4. D) .Its .failure .to .evaluate .alternatives
Ans: .A .Feedback:
The .traditional .problem-solving .model .is .less .effective .when .time .constraints .are .a .consideration.
.Decision .making .can .occur .without .the .full .analysis .required .in .problem .solving. .Because .problem
.solving .attempts .to .identify .the .root .problem .in .situations, .much .time .and .energy .are .spent .on
.identifying .the .real .problem.
3. Which .of .the .following .statements .is .true .regarding .decision .making?
1. A) .Scientific .methods .provide .identical .decisions .by .different .individuals .for .the .same .problems
2. B) .Decisions .are .greatly .influenced .by .each .persons .value .system
,3. C) .Personal .beliefs .can .be .adjusted .for .when .the .scientific .approach .to .problem .solving .is .used
4. D) .Past .experience .has .little .to .do .with .the .quality .of .the .decision
Ans: .B .Feedback:
Values, .life .experience, .individual .preference, .and .individual .ways .of .thinking .will .influence .a
.persons .decision .making. .No .matter .how .objective .the .criteria .will .be, .value .judgments .will .always
.play .a .part .in .a .persons .decision .making, .either .consciously .or .subconsciously.
is .a .weakness .of .the .traditional .problem-solving .model? .Page .1
4. What .influences .the .quality .of .a .decision .most .often? .A) .The .decision .makers
.immediate .superior
B) The .type .of .decision .that .needs .to .be .made
C) Questions .asked .and .alternatives .generated
D) The .time .of .day .the .decision .is .made .Ans:
C .Feedback:
The .greater .the .number .of .alternatives .that .can .be .generated .by .the .decision .maker, .the .better .the
.final .decision .will .be. .The .alternatives .generated .and .the .final .choices .are .limited .by .each .persons
.value .system.
5. What
1. A) .Good .decision .makers .are .usually .right-brain, .intuitive .thinkers
2. B) .Effective .decision .makers .are .sensitive .to .the .situation .and .to .others
3. C) .Good .decisions .are .usually .made .by .left-brain, .logical .thinkers
4. D) .Good .decision .making .requires .analytical .rather .than .creative
.processes .Ans: .B .Feedback:
Good .decision .makers .seem .to .have .antennae .that .make .them .particularly .sensitive .to .other
, people .and .situations. .Left-brain .thinkers .are .typically .better .at .processing .language, .logic, .numbers,
.and .sequential .ordering, .whereas .right-brain .thinkers .excel .at .nonverbal .ideation .and .holistic
.synthesizing. .does .knowledge .about .good .decision .making .lead .one .to .believe?
6. What
1. A) .The .planning .process .of .management
2. B) .The .evaluation .phase .of .the .executive .role
3. C) .One .step .in .the .problem-solving .process .4. D) .Required .to .justify .the .need .for .scarce .items
Ans: .C .Feedback:
Decision .making .is .a .complex, .cognitive .process .often .defined .as .choosing .a .particular .course .of
.action. .Decision .making, .one .step .in .the .problem-solving .process, .is .an .important .task .that .relies
.heavily .on .critical .thinking .and .clinical .reasoning .skills.
is .the .best .definition .of .decision .making? .Page .2
7. If .decision .making .is .triggered .by .a .problem .with .what .does .it .end?
1. A) .An .alternative .problem
2. B) .A .chosen .course .of .action
3. C) .An .action .that .guarantees .success
4. D) .A .restatement .of .the .solution
Ans: .B .Feedback:
A .decision .is .made .when .a .course .of .action .has .been .chosen. .Problem .solving .is .part .of .decision
.making .and .is .a .systematic .process .that .focuses .on .analyzing .a .difficult .situation. .Problem .solving
.always .includes .a .decision-making .step.
.leadership .and .management
1. What .statement .is .true .regarding .decision .making?
A) It .is .an .analysis .of .a .situation
B) It .is .closely .related .to .evaluation
C) It .involves .choosing .between .courses .of .action
D) It .is .dependent .upon .finding .the .cause .of .a .problem .Ans: .C .Feedback:
Decision .making .is .a .complex .cognitive .process .often .defined .as .choosing .a .particular .course .of .action.
Problem .solving .is .part .of .decision .making .and .is .a .systematic .process .that .focuses .on .analyzing .a
difficult .situation. .Critical .thinking, .sometimes .referred .to .as .reflective .thinking, .is .related .to .evaluation
.and .has .a .broader .scope .than .decision .making .and .problem .solving.
2. What
1. A) .Its .need .for .implementation .time
2. B) .Its .lack .of .a .step .requiring .evaluation .of .results
3. C) .Its .failure .to .gather .sufficient .data
4. D) .Its .failure .to .evaluate .alternatives
Ans: .A .Feedback:
The .traditional .problem-solving .model .is .less .effective .when .time .constraints .are .a .consideration.
.Decision .making .can .occur .without .the .full .analysis .required .in .problem .solving. .Because .problem
.solving .attempts .to .identify .the .root .problem .in .situations, .much .time .and .energy .are .spent .on
.identifying .the .real .problem.
3. Which .of .the .following .statements .is .true .regarding .decision .making?
1. A) .Scientific .methods .provide .identical .decisions .by .different .individuals .for .the .same .problems
2. B) .Decisions .are .greatly .influenced .by .each .persons .value .system
,3. C) .Personal .beliefs .can .be .adjusted .for .when .the .scientific .approach .to .problem .solving .is .used
4. D) .Past .experience .has .little .to .do .with .the .quality .of .the .decision
Ans: .B .Feedback:
Values, .life .experience, .individual .preference, .and .individual .ways .of .thinking .will .influence .a
.persons .decision .making. .No .matter .how .objective .the .criteria .will .be, .value .judgments .will .always
.play .a .part .in .a .persons .decision .making, .either .consciously .or .subconsciously.
is .a .weakness .of .the .traditional .problem-solving .model? .Page .1
4. What .influences .the .quality .of .a .decision .most .often? .A) .The .decision .makers
.immediate .superior
B) The .type .of .decision .that .needs .to .be .made
C) Questions .asked .and .alternatives .generated
D) The .time .of .day .the .decision .is .made .Ans:
C .Feedback:
The .greater .the .number .of .alternatives .that .can .be .generated .by .the .decision .maker, .the .better .the
.final .decision .will .be. .The .alternatives .generated .and .the .final .choices .are .limited .by .each .persons
.value .system.
5. What
1. A) .Good .decision .makers .are .usually .right-brain, .intuitive .thinkers
2. B) .Effective .decision .makers .are .sensitive .to .the .situation .and .to .others
3. C) .Good .decisions .are .usually .made .by .left-brain, .logical .thinkers
4. D) .Good .decision .making .requires .analytical .rather .than .creative
.processes .Ans: .B .Feedback:
Good .decision .makers .seem .to .have .antennae .that .make .them .particularly .sensitive .to .other
, people .and .situations. .Left-brain .thinkers .are .typically .better .at .processing .language, .logic, .numbers,
.and .sequential .ordering, .whereas .right-brain .thinkers .excel .at .nonverbal .ideation .and .holistic
.synthesizing. .does .knowledge .about .good .decision .making .lead .one .to .believe?
6. What
1. A) .The .planning .process .of .management
2. B) .The .evaluation .phase .of .the .executive .role
3. C) .One .step .in .the .problem-solving .process .4. D) .Required .to .justify .the .need .for .scarce .items
Ans: .C .Feedback:
Decision .making .is .a .complex, .cognitive .process .often .defined .as .choosing .a .particular .course .of
.action. .Decision .making, .one .step .in .the .problem-solving .process, .is .an .important .task .that .relies
.heavily .on .critical .thinking .and .clinical .reasoning .skills.
is .the .best .definition .of .decision .making? .Page .2
7. If .decision .making .is .triggered .by .a .problem .with .what .does .it .end?
1. A) .An .alternative .problem
2. B) .A .chosen .course .of .action
3. C) .An .action .that .guarantees .success
4. D) .A .restatement .of .the .solution
Ans: .B .Feedback:
A .decision .is .made .when .a .course .of .action .has .been .chosen. .Problem .solving .is .part .of .decision
.making .and .is .a .systematic .process .that .focuses .on .analyzing .a .difficult .situation. .Problem .solving
.always .includes .a .decision-making .step.
