ASB 222 TEST
Stonehenge - answer a remarkable monument made possible by the development of a
society in which the labor of many could be commanded by few
Trilithon - answer Set of three stones, two uprights and one lintel, at Stonehenge. There
are five trilithons at Stonehenge
Sarsen - answer The thirty upright stones at Stonehenge. Each warden is over 3 m tall
and weighs 55,000 pounds.
Lintels - answer Horizontal cross-members of the Stonehenge monument
Megalithic - answer Related to the construction of large stone monuments. The
megalithic culture erected thousands of these monuments beginning more than 5,000
years ago.
Poverty Point Culture - answer Dating to about 3600 years ago, the Poverty Point site
located in Louisiana appears to have been a ceremonial center for a geographically
widespread culture located across the American South.
Affluent Foragers - answerPeople who lived in resource-priviledged regions. The Jomon
of Japan and the native people of the northwest coast of North America are examples of
affluent foragers.
Chiefdom - answerA level of sociopolitical 9integration more complex than the tribe but
less so than the state. The social system is ranked, not egalitarian.
Mesopotamia - answerThe land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern
Iraq.
Hassunan - answerCulture in Mesopotamia dating from 8000 to 7200 BP. Characterized
by small farming villages where subsistence was based on the growing of wheat, barley,
peas, and lentils.
Samarran - answerNeolithic culture of southern Mesopotamia. Dating to after 7500
years ago, Samarran sites are located in the floodplain of the Tigris and Euphrates
Rivers
Halafian - answerCulture in Mesopotamia dating from 7500 to 6700 BP. Halafian sites
generally are small farming villages.
, Tholoi - answerA new architectural form seen at Halafian sites in Mesopotamia, dating
to after 7500 years ago. Tholoi appear to have been communal storage facilities for
these Neolithic people.
Olmec - answerAncient culture of lowland Mesoamerica. Dating to 3200 years ago, the
religious iconography of Olmec art seems to have served as a unifying element in
ancient Mesoamerica.
Regal-Ritual Cities - answerTerm used by archaeologist David Webster (2002) to
describer Maya population centers.
Chavin - answerA distinctive art style that developed in western South America
beginning about 3000 years ago. The religious iconography of Chavin seems to have
served as a unifying influence, setting the stage for the later development of
geographically broad empires.
State - answerClass societies, often rigidly stratified into social levels. The ruling class
controls the populace not by consensus but by coercion and force.
Civilization - answerAs used here, cultures exhibiting social stratification, labor and craft
specialization, a food surplus used to support a political and/ or religious elite,
monumental construction, and a system of record keeping.
Class societies - answerSocieties in which people are divided into a series of layers.
The layers are distinguished by differential wealth, status, and power.
Monumental Works - answerLarge- scale, communal construction projects
characteristic of civilizations.
Social Stratification - answerPattern of social integration in which individuals are placed
into a hierarchy of social levels.
Specialization of Labor - answerCultural pattern in which some individuals can focus all
or most of their labors on some specialty: metal working, pottery manufacturing, stone
working, weaving, architectural design, etc.
System of Record Keeping - answerAny symbolic system, usually but not always
involving some form of writing, for keeping track of economic transactions, historical
events, religious rules, etc.
Ubaid - answerName given to the culture of southern Mesopotamia at 6300 BP.
Irrigation canals constituted by the Ubaidic people made agriculture possible and larger
settlements grew up in the Mesopotamian flood plan at this time.
Stonehenge - answer a remarkable monument made possible by the development of a
society in which the labor of many could be commanded by few
Trilithon - answer Set of three stones, two uprights and one lintel, at Stonehenge. There
are five trilithons at Stonehenge
Sarsen - answer The thirty upright stones at Stonehenge. Each warden is over 3 m tall
and weighs 55,000 pounds.
Lintels - answer Horizontal cross-members of the Stonehenge monument
Megalithic - answer Related to the construction of large stone monuments. The
megalithic culture erected thousands of these monuments beginning more than 5,000
years ago.
Poverty Point Culture - answer Dating to about 3600 years ago, the Poverty Point site
located in Louisiana appears to have been a ceremonial center for a geographically
widespread culture located across the American South.
Affluent Foragers - answerPeople who lived in resource-priviledged regions. The Jomon
of Japan and the native people of the northwest coast of North America are examples of
affluent foragers.
Chiefdom - answerA level of sociopolitical 9integration more complex than the tribe but
less so than the state. The social system is ranked, not egalitarian.
Mesopotamia - answerThe land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern
Iraq.
Hassunan - answerCulture in Mesopotamia dating from 8000 to 7200 BP. Characterized
by small farming villages where subsistence was based on the growing of wheat, barley,
peas, and lentils.
Samarran - answerNeolithic culture of southern Mesopotamia. Dating to after 7500
years ago, Samarran sites are located in the floodplain of the Tigris and Euphrates
Rivers
Halafian - answerCulture in Mesopotamia dating from 7500 to 6700 BP. Halafian sites
generally are small farming villages.
, Tholoi - answerA new architectural form seen at Halafian sites in Mesopotamia, dating
to after 7500 years ago. Tholoi appear to have been communal storage facilities for
these Neolithic people.
Olmec - answerAncient culture of lowland Mesoamerica. Dating to 3200 years ago, the
religious iconography of Olmec art seems to have served as a unifying element in
ancient Mesoamerica.
Regal-Ritual Cities - answerTerm used by archaeologist David Webster (2002) to
describer Maya population centers.
Chavin - answerA distinctive art style that developed in western South America
beginning about 3000 years ago. The religious iconography of Chavin seems to have
served as a unifying influence, setting the stage for the later development of
geographically broad empires.
State - answerClass societies, often rigidly stratified into social levels. The ruling class
controls the populace not by consensus but by coercion and force.
Civilization - answerAs used here, cultures exhibiting social stratification, labor and craft
specialization, a food surplus used to support a political and/ or religious elite,
monumental construction, and a system of record keeping.
Class societies - answerSocieties in which people are divided into a series of layers.
The layers are distinguished by differential wealth, status, and power.
Monumental Works - answerLarge- scale, communal construction projects
characteristic of civilizations.
Social Stratification - answerPattern of social integration in which individuals are placed
into a hierarchy of social levels.
Specialization of Labor - answerCultural pattern in which some individuals can focus all
or most of their labors on some specialty: metal working, pottery manufacturing, stone
working, weaving, architectural design, etc.
System of Record Keeping - answerAny symbolic system, usually but not always
involving some form of writing, for keeping track of economic transactions, historical
events, religious rules, etc.
Ubaid - answerName given to the culture of southern Mesopotamia at 6300 BP.
Irrigation canals constituted by the Ubaidic people made agriculture possible and larger
settlements grew up in the Mesopotamian flood plan at this time.
