EMS 121 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
EMS Agenda for the Future
Published in 1966 - provides an opportunity for all health care providers to examine
what has been learned during the past 30 years.
NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration)
Regulates the safety of motor vehicles and related equipment.
On-line Medical Directions
Orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT in the field by radio or
telephone.
Off-line Medical Directions
Standing orders issued by the Medical Director that allows EMTs to give certain
medications or perform certain proceedures without speaking to the Medical Director or
another pyhsician
Continuing Education
Continuing to educate yourself on new policies such as medical procedures and traffic
laws.
Quality Improvement
A structured approach to evaluating the performance of systems and processes, then
determining needed improvements in both functional and operational areas.
,Five Emotional Stages of Death and Dying
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
Signs and symptoms of grieving
Sleeping changes, weight and appetite changes, tiredness, trouble concentrating,
nightmares, low-self esteem, etc.
Ways of helping the family deal with grief
Support groups, acknowledging your pain, understanding the grieving process. These
families require dignity, respect, sharing, communication, privacy and control
Signs and Symptoms of Stress
Irritability toward people, inability to concentrate, difficulty sleeping/nightmare, loss of
appetite, anxiety, guilt, desire to be left alone, loss of interest in work.
Stress management
Assess your priorities, talk to someone you trust, understand mistakes happen.
Someone experiencing stress can help themselves by changing their diet, exercising,
practicing relaxing, and avoiding self medication.
PTSD
A disorder in which a person has lingering memories, nightmares, and other symptoms
for weeks after a severely threatening, uncontrollable event
What is the purpose of CISD (critical incident stress management)
,To provide a supportive crisis-focused discussion of a traumatic event that a first
responder experienced. This always remains confidential.
What is the time frame of CISD?
24hrs-72hrs
Defusing
A session held prior to a critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) for emergency service
personnel most directly involved to provide an opportunity to vent emotions and get
information before the CISD. Happens within 1-4 hours after the incident.
Types of Pathogens
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminth
BSI (Body Substance Isolation) (aka PPE)
Gloves, masks, gowns, eye protection, hand washing.
Universal Precautions
Actions taken to prevent the spread of disease by treating all blood and other body
fluids as if they contained pathogens
What is the best way to control the spread of infection?
By washing your hands.
Exposure
Risk, particularly of being exposed to disease.
Direct contact
Touching or contact with a patient's blood or saliva
Indirect contact
, Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a
contaminated object.
Signs/symptoms of AIDS/HIV
Rapid weight loss, swelling of lymph nodes, persistent diarrhea muscle and joint aches,
red or purple blotches on skin.
Signs/symptoms of Hepatitis A
Malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark colored urine,
jaundice
Signs/symptoms of Hepatitis B
Malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark colored urine,
jaundice
Signs/symptoms of Hepatitis C
Bleeding/bruising easily, fatigue, jaundice, dark-colored urine, ascites (fluid in
abdomen), weight loss, swelling in legs.
Signs/symptoms of Tuberculosis
Productive cough that lasts longer than three weeks with bloody sputum, fatigue, weight
loss, night sweats, hoarseness
Signs/symptoms of Meningitis
Fever, headache, stiff neck, altered mental status
How is AIDS/HIV transmitted?
Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk
How is Hepatitis A transmitted?
Fecal-oral route - usually through contaminated food.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
EMS Agenda for the Future
Published in 1966 - provides an opportunity for all health care providers to examine
what has been learned during the past 30 years.
NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration)
Regulates the safety of motor vehicles and related equipment.
On-line Medical Directions
Orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT in the field by radio or
telephone.
Off-line Medical Directions
Standing orders issued by the Medical Director that allows EMTs to give certain
medications or perform certain proceedures without speaking to the Medical Director or
another pyhsician
Continuing Education
Continuing to educate yourself on new policies such as medical procedures and traffic
laws.
Quality Improvement
A structured approach to evaluating the performance of systems and processes, then
determining needed improvements in both functional and operational areas.
,Five Emotional Stages of Death and Dying
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
Signs and symptoms of grieving
Sleeping changes, weight and appetite changes, tiredness, trouble concentrating,
nightmares, low-self esteem, etc.
Ways of helping the family deal with grief
Support groups, acknowledging your pain, understanding the grieving process. These
families require dignity, respect, sharing, communication, privacy and control
Signs and Symptoms of Stress
Irritability toward people, inability to concentrate, difficulty sleeping/nightmare, loss of
appetite, anxiety, guilt, desire to be left alone, loss of interest in work.
Stress management
Assess your priorities, talk to someone you trust, understand mistakes happen.
Someone experiencing stress can help themselves by changing their diet, exercising,
practicing relaxing, and avoiding self medication.
PTSD
A disorder in which a person has lingering memories, nightmares, and other symptoms
for weeks after a severely threatening, uncontrollable event
What is the purpose of CISD (critical incident stress management)
,To provide a supportive crisis-focused discussion of a traumatic event that a first
responder experienced. This always remains confidential.
What is the time frame of CISD?
24hrs-72hrs
Defusing
A session held prior to a critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) for emergency service
personnel most directly involved to provide an opportunity to vent emotions and get
information before the CISD. Happens within 1-4 hours after the incident.
Types of Pathogens
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminth
BSI (Body Substance Isolation) (aka PPE)
Gloves, masks, gowns, eye protection, hand washing.
Universal Precautions
Actions taken to prevent the spread of disease by treating all blood and other body
fluids as if they contained pathogens
What is the best way to control the spread of infection?
By washing your hands.
Exposure
Risk, particularly of being exposed to disease.
Direct contact
Touching or contact with a patient's blood or saliva
Indirect contact
, Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a
contaminated object.
Signs/symptoms of AIDS/HIV
Rapid weight loss, swelling of lymph nodes, persistent diarrhea muscle and joint aches,
red or purple blotches on skin.
Signs/symptoms of Hepatitis A
Malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark colored urine,
jaundice
Signs/symptoms of Hepatitis B
Malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark colored urine,
jaundice
Signs/symptoms of Hepatitis C
Bleeding/bruising easily, fatigue, jaundice, dark-colored urine, ascites (fluid in
abdomen), weight loss, swelling in legs.
Signs/symptoms of Tuberculosis
Productive cough that lasts longer than three weeks with bloody sputum, fatigue, weight
loss, night sweats, hoarseness
Signs/symptoms of Meningitis
Fever, headache, stiff neck, altered mental status
How is AIDS/HIV transmitted?
Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk
How is Hepatitis A transmitted?
Fecal-oral route - usually through contaminated food.
