EMS1055 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
carotid pulse
the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck. Blood pressure is
at least 60 systolic
Know how to read a blood pressure.
"Typical" BP is 120/80. The top number is the systolic BP (contraction), and the bottom
number is the diastolic BP (relaxation). Low blood pressure is never a good sign.
femoral pulse
Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood pressure is at least 70
systolic.
brachial pulse
the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
radial pulse
the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
pedal pulse
The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is at least 90-100 systolic
when to use diff O2 delivery device
BVM: patient is unresponsive and needs high flow (apply 10-15 LPM)
NRBM: patient is conscious and needs high flow (10-15 LPM)
,NC: only need low flow (2-6 LPM)
venturi: special percentage, 2-11 LPM
how to open airway
head tilt chin lift-
*do not perform on suspected c-spine injury
jaw thrust maneuver- *use if you suspect a neck injury and tilt head to slight sniffing
position or neutral position. use thumbs to pull down lower jaw.
OPA (oropharyngeal airway)
Oral airway
Used to maintain or open a patient's airway. It does this by preventing the tongue from
covering the epiglottis.
*used in patients with no gag reflex
*measure from the edge of the mouth to the angle of the jaw to determine the correct
size .
*insert with the tip pointing to the top of the head then rotate 180 degrees until position
NPA (nasal trumpet)
,-can use on patients with a gag reflex
-patients who are snoring or have ETOH are common
-measure from the nare to the tip of the earlobe
-use surgical lube to help with insertion
- right nare is usually largest
know how to use suction
Suction when the tube is being withdrawn and never for more than 15 seconds at a
time.
You can try to suction away an obstruction if you believe it is possible.
topographic anatomy
Anterior (or ventral): front of the body
Posterior (or dorsal): back of the body
Superior: On top
Inferior: Under
Proximal: close to the area of attachment
Distal: far from the area of attachment
Golden Hour
the 60-minute period after a severe injury; it is the maximum acceptable time between
the injury and initiation of surgery for the seriously injured trauma patient.
Supine positioning
Lying on their back with the head and shoulders NOT raised. Which, can raise the risk
of aspiration. basically laying flat.
prone position
, lying on abdomen, facing downward (head may be turned to one side)
Trendenlenburg Position
person is lying flat and supine, with feet a little elevated above the head
Fowler's position
30 degrees is the optimal airway position.
Glasgow Coma Scale
eyes, verbal, motor
Max- 15 pts, below 8= coma
decorticate posturing v. decerebrate posturing
decorticate - arms inwards towards chest (abnormal flexion)
decerebrate - arms outwards towards chest (abnormal extension)
stridor
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx
or larynx. sounds like whale. sign of upper airway obstruction or epiglottitis
Course Rales
when you get fluid in lungs; sounds CRACKLY, sign of pulmonary edema, CHF,
pneumonia
wheezes
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing when bronchioles
restrict. sign of asthma, anaphalyxsis, bronchitis,
Kussmaul's resp
deep and fast breathing; often associated with DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)
when to stop primary survey
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
carotid pulse
the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck. Blood pressure is
at least 60 systolic
Know how to read a blood pressure.
"Typical" BP is 120/80. The top number is the systolic BP (contraction), and the bottom
number is the diastolic BP (relaxation). Low blood pressure is never a good sign.
femoral pulse
Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood pressure is at least 70
systolic.
brachial pulse
the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
radial pulse
the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
pedal pulse
The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is at least 90-100 systolic
when to use diff O2 delivery device
BVM: patient is unresponsive and needs high flow (apply 10-15 LPM)
NRBM: patient is conscious and needs high flow (10-15 LPM)
,NC: only need low flow (2-6 LPM)
venturi: special percentage, 2-11 LPM
how to open airway
head tilt chin lift-
*do not perform on suspected c-spine injury
jaw thrust maneuver- *use if you suspect a neck injury and tilt head to slight sniffing
position or neutral position. use thumbs to pull down lower jaw.
OPA (oropharyngeal airway)
Oral airway
Used to maintain or open a patient's airway. It does this by preventing the tongue from
covering the epiglottis.
*used in patients with no gag reflex
*measure from the edge of the mouth to the angle of the jaw to determine the correct
size .
*insert with the tip pointing to the top of the head then rotate 180 degrees until position
NPA (nasal trumpet)
,-can use on patients with a gag reflex
-patients who are snoring or have ETOH are common
-measure from the nare to the tip of the earlobe
-use surgical lube to help with insertion
- right nare is usually largest
know how to use suction
Suction when the tube is being withdrawn and never for more than 15 seconds at a
time.
You can try to suction away an obstruction if you believe it is possible.
topographic anatomy
Anterior (or ventral): front of the body
Posterior (or dorsal): back of the body
Superior: On top
Inferior: Under
Proximal: close to the area of attachment
Distal: far from the area of attachment
Golden Hour
the 60-minute period after a severe injury; it is the maximum acceptable time between
the injury and initiation of surgery for the seriously injured trauma patient.
Supine positioning
Lying on their back with the head and shoulders NOT raised. Which, can raise the risk
of aspiration. basically laying flat.
prone position
, lying on abdomen, facing downward (head may be turned to one side)
Trendenlenburg Position
person is lying flat and supine, with feet a little elevated above the head
Fowler's position
30 degrees is the optimal airway position.
Glasgow Coma Scale
eyes, verbal, motor
Max- 15 pts, below 8= coma
decorticate posturing v. decerebrate posturing
decorticate - arms inwards towards chest (abnormal flexion)
decerebrate - arms outwards towards chest (abnormal extension)
stridor
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx
or larynx. sounds like whale. sign of upper airway obstruction or epiglottitis
Course Rales
when you get fluid in lungs; sounds CRACKLY, sign of pulmonary edema, CHF,
pneumonia
wheezes
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing when bronchioles
restrict. sign of asthma, anaphalyxsis, bronchitis,
Kussmaul's resp
deep and fast breathing; often associated with DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)
when to stop primary survey
