EMS 105: CHAPTERS 1-18 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
LATEST UPDATE
Give an overview of the historical events leading to the development of modern
EMS.
-1790's (earliest EMS service) French transported wounded soldiers from battle
-Clara Barton (civil war) helped establish American Red Cross
-WW 1: volunteers joined battlefield ambulance corps
-Korean Conflict/Vietnam War: specialized Emergency medical centers devoted to
trauma
-1900: nonmilitary ambulances began, offered transport & little to no care
-1940 (after WW 2): small communities developed ambulance transport
-1960 development of modern EMS system
1966: National Highway Safety Act charged DOT with developing EMS standards &
assisting states to upgrade prehospital care
-1970: standards were established by National Registry of EMT
-1973: Congress passed NEMS systems act to improve EMS systems
Describe the importance of each of the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) standards for assessing EMS systems.
,a) Regulation and policy: each state must have laws, policies, regulations, procedures
b) Resource Management: centralized coordination of resources so all victims have
equal access to ER
c) Human resources and training: all in an ambulance should be trained using NEMS
standards taught by qualified instructors
d) Transportation: safe, reliable. Most can be transported by ground.
e) Facilities: seriously ill or injured must be delivered in timely manner to appropriate
facility
f) Communications: effective communication system- 911 dispatch-to-ambulance,
ambulance-to-ambulance, ambulance-to-hospital, hospital-to-hospital
g) Public Information & Education: educate the public about role in the system, ability to
access the system and prevention of injuries
h) Medical direction: MD delegates medical practice to nonphysician providers and must
be involved in all aspects of patient care
i) Trauma systems: in each state, enabling legislation must exist to develop a trauma
system including one or more trauma centers, triage and transfer guidelines for trauma
patients, rehab programs, data collection, mandatory autopsies, and means for
managing and ensuring the quality of the system
j) Evaluation: each state must have a program for evaluating and improving the
effectiveness of the EMS system (QI), QA, or total quality management
1) Describe the components of an EMS system that must be in place for a patient
to receive emergency medical care.
,-enhanced 911
-Dispatchers job
-Patient care begins with the initial phone call to dispatcher, EMS, EMR & advanced life
support providers are sent, ambulance transports to hospital, patient received by
emergency department, patient gets tests, diagnosis, treatment done
*For immediate injuries, care is given and the OR is prepped and ready for patient
*Trauma centers are available for 24 hours
*Enhanced 911: identifies caller phone number & location
*Dispatchers: obtain info & provide medical instruction if needed (CPR, artificial
ventilation, bleeding control)
1) Compare and contrast the training and responsibilities of EMRs, EMTs, AEMTs,
and Paramedics.
-EMR (police, firefighter): first at scene, providing immediate care for life-threats,
controlling the scene, preparing for ambulance arrival
-EMT: minimum level certification for ambulance personnel, provide basic-level medical
and trauma care and transportation
-AEMT (EMT-Intermediate): provides basic-level care and transportation, advanced-
level care (airway devices, monitoring blood glucose, administer some meds, iv)
-Paramedic: most advanced skill level
1) Explain each of the specific areas of responsibility for the EMT.
, -preparation, safe response to scene & transportation, transferring patient for continuity
of care
a) Personal safety: keep yourself safe first
b) Safety of crew, patient, bystander
c) Patient assessment: assessment precedes emergency care
d) Patient care: help patient deal with and survive illness/injury
e) Lifting & moving: perform safely
f) Transport: safe operation of ambulance, secure and care for patient
g) Transfer of care: provide info on patients condition, observation of the scene, other
pertinent data. Never abandon patient until transfer is complete
h) Patient advocacy: address patients needs and bring any concerns to attention of
hospital staff, build rapport with patient, provide comfort for patient
*May also be involved in health initiatives (injury prevention)
1) Give examples of the physical and personality traits that are desirable for an
EMT.
Physical: good health, fit, able to lift 125 lbs, coordination & dexterity, eyesight is
important, be aware if you have trouble with color vision, give and receive oral and
written instruction, good communication, hearing, speech
Personal:
a) Pleasant to inspire confidence and help to calm the sick and injured
b) Sincere: able to convey an understanding of the situation and patients feelings
c) Cooperative: allow for faster/better care, establish better coordination with other
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
LATEST UPDATE
Give an overview of the historical events leading to the development of modern
EMS.
-1790's (earliest EMS service) French transported wounded soldiers from battle
-Clara Barton (civil war) helped establish American Red Cross
-WW 1: volunteers joined battlefield ambulance corps
-Korean Conflict/Vietnam War: specialized Emergency medical centers devoted to
trauma
-1900: nonmilitary ambulances began, offered transport & little to no care
-1940 (after WW 2): small communities developed ambulance transport
-1960 development of modern EMS system
1966: National Highway Safety Act charged DOT with developing EMS standards &
assisting states to upgrade prehospital care
-1970: standards were established by National Registry of EMT
-1973: Congress passed NEMS systems act to improve EMS systems
Describe the importance of each of the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) standards for assessing EMS systems.
,a) Regulation and policy: each state must have laws, policies, regulations, procedures
b) Resource Management: centralized coordination of resources so all victims have
equal access to ER
c) Human resources and training: all in an ambulance should be trained using NEMS
standards taught by qualified instructors
d) Transportation: safe, reliable. Most can be transported by ground.
e) Facilities: seriously ill or injured must be delivered in timely manner to appropriate
facility
f) Communications: effective communication system- 911 dispatch-to-ambulance,
ambulance-to-ambulance, ambulance-to-hospital, hospital-to-hospital
g) Public Information & Education: educate the public about role in the system, ability to
access the system and prevention of injuries
h) Medical direction: MD delegates medical practice to nonphysician providers and must
be involved in all aspects of patient care
i) Trauma systems: in each state, enabling legislation must exist to develop a trauma
system including one or more trauma centers, triage and transfer guidelines for trauma
patients, rehab programs, data collection, mandatory autopsies, and means for
managing and ensuring the quality of the system
j) Evaluation: each state must have a program for evaluating and improving the
effectiveness of the EMS system (QI), QA, or total quality management
1) Describe the components of an EMS system that must be in place for a patient
to receive emergency medical care.
,-enhanced 911
-Dispatchers job
-Patient care begins with the initial phone call to dispatcher, EMS, EMR & advanced life
support providers are sent, ambulance transports to hospital, patient received by
emergency department, patient gets tests, diagnosis, treatment done
*For immediate injuries, care is given and the OR is prepped and ready for patient
*Trauma centers are available for 24 hours
*Enhanced 911: identifies caller phone number & location
*Dispatchers: obtain info & provide medical instruction if needed (CPR, artificial
ventilation, bleeding control)
1) Compare and contrast the training and responsibilities of EMRs, EMTs, AEMTs,
and Paramedics.
-EMR (police, firefighter): first at scene, providing immediate care for life-threats,
controlling the scene, preparing for ambulance arrival
-EMT: minimum level certification for ambulance personnel, provide basic-level medical
and trauma care and transportation
-AEMT (EMT-Intermediate): provides basic-level care and transportation, advanced-
level care (airway devices, monitoring blood glucose, administer some meds, iv)
-Paramedic: most advanced skill level
1) Explain each of the specific areas of responsibility for the EMT.
, -preparation, safe response to scene & transportation, transferring patient for continuity
of care
a) Personal safety: keep yourself safe first
b) Safety of crew, patient, bystander
c) Patient assessment: assessment precedes emergency care
d) Patient care: help patient deal with and survive illness/injury
e) Lifting & moving: perform safely
f) Transport: safe operation of ambulance, secure and care for patient
g) Transfer of care: provide info on patients condition, observation of the scene, other
pertinent data. Never abandon patient until transfer is complete
h) Patient advocacy: address patients needs and bring any concerns to attention of
hospital staff, build rapport with patient, provide comfort for patient
*May also be involved in health initiatives (injury prevention)
1) Give examples of the physical and personality traits that are desirable for an
EMT.
Physical: good health, fit, able to lift 125 lbs, coordination & dexterity, eyesight is
important, be aware if you have trouble with color vision, give and receive oral and
written instruction, good communication, hearing, speech
Personal:
a) Pleasant to inspire confidence and help to calm the sick and injured
b) Sincere: able to convey an understanding of the situation and patients feelings
c) Cooperative: allow for faster/better care, establish better coordination with other
