EXAM 2 EMS 108 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
structures of the upper airway
-nasopharynx
-nasal air passage
-pharynx
-oropharynx
-epiglottis
-larynx
structures of the lower airway
-trachea
-carina
-bronchus
-bronchioles
-alveoli
-pulmonary capillaries
mechanics of inhalation
the diaphragm contracts moving down slowly enlarging the thoracic cage from top to
bottom. The intercostal muscles contract lifting the ribs up and out. Combining these
expands the thoracic cage in all directions causing negative pressure inside forcing air
to rush in. This is an active process
, mechanics of exhalation
diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax forcing air out of the lungs. This is a passive
process
diffusion
A process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
oxygenation
the process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the blood
stream
respiration
the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissues of
the body
internal respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the systemic circulatory system
and the cells of the body
external respiration
breathing fresh air into the respiratory system and exchanging oxygen and carbon
dioxide between alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries
signs of hypoxia
Early:
-restlessness
-irritability
-apprehension
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
structures of the upper airway
-nasopharynx
-nasal air passage
-pharynx
-oropharynx
-epiglottis
-larynx
structures of the lower airway
-trachea
-carina
-bronchus
-bronchioles
-alveoli
-pulmonary capillaries
mechanics of inhalation
the diaphragm contracts moving down slowly enlarging the thoracic cage from top to
bottom. The intercostal muscles contract lifting the ribs up and out. Combining these
expands the thoracic cage in all directions causing negative pressure inside forcing air
to rush in. This is an active process
, mechanics of exhalation
diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax forcing air out of the lungs. This is a passive
process
diffusion
A process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
oxygenation
the process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the blood
stream
respiration
the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissues of
the body
internal respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the systemic circulatory system
and the cells of the body
external respiration
breathing fresh air into the respiratory system and exchanging oxygen and carbon
dioxide between alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries
signs of hypoxia
Early:
-restlessness
-irritability
-apprehension
