DSM: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

DSM: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ThesdnursesddiscussessdnutritionsdissuessdwithsdasdPTsddiagnosedsdwithsdmultiplesdscleros
issd(MS).sdWhichsdsafetysdproblem,sdidentifiedsdbysdthesdpatient,sdleadssdthesdnursesdtosdde
terminesdthatsdthesdteachingsdwassdsuccessful?sd-sdanswer--
Difficultysdchewingsd&sdswallowing.

ThesdnursesdissdcaringsdforsdasdpatientsddiagnosedsdwithsdthesdmostsdcommonsdtypesdofsdM
S.Whichsdtypesddoessdthesdpatientsdhave?sd-sdanswer--Relapsing-remitting.sdRelapsing-
remittingsdMSsdissdthesdmostsdcommonsdtypesdofsdMS,sdaffectingsdalmostsd85%sdofsdpatient
s.sdPrimary-progressivesdaffectssdapproximatelysd10%sdofsdpatientssdwithsdMS.

Thesdnursesdissdplanningsdasdpresentationsdtosdasdcommunitysdgroupsdaboutsdthesdrisksdfact
orssdthatsdmaysdtriggersdthesdimmunesdresponsesdinsdMS.sd
Whichsdrisksdfactorsdshouldsdthesdnursesdincludesdinsdthesdpresentation?sd-sdanswer--
Epstein-
Barrsdvirus.sdRisksdfactorssdforsdthesddevelopmentsdofsdmultiplesdsclerosissd(MS)sdinclude:s
dSmoking.

Insufficientsdsunlightsd(vitsdD)sdexposure.Beingsdfemalesd(womensdaresdtwicesdassdlikelysdt
osddevelopsdMSsdassdmen).
Measles,sdherpes,sdrubella,sdhumansdT-cellsdlymphotropicsdvirussdtypesd1sd(HTLV-
1),sdchlamydia,sd&sdEpstein-Barrsdviruses.

ThesdnursesdissdadministeringsdasdnewlysdprescribedsdtherapysdtosdasdpatientsdwithsdMS,sdw
hichsdissdexpectedsdtosddecreasesdthesd#sdofsdrelapsessdthesdpatientsdexperiences.sdWhichs
dtherapysdissdthesdnursesdmostsdlikelysdadministering?sd-sdanswer--Disease-

modifyingsdtherapy.

Thesdnursesdteachessdfallsdpreventionsdtechniquessdtosdasdpatientsdw/sdMS.sd
Whichsdreasonsdshouldsdthesdnursesdgivesdthesdpatientsdforsdthissdintervention?sd-
sdanswer--"Fallsdpreventionsdtechniquessdwillsdpromotesdindependentsdmobility."Oldersda

dults,sdbecausesdofsdthesdagingsdprocesssdandsdthesdprogressionsdofsdthesdMSsdexperience
sdincreasingsdmusclesdweaknesssdandsdlosssdofsdmusclesdmass.



Thesdnursesdissdcaringsdforsdasdpatientsddiagnosedsdw/
sdMSsdwhosdissdhavingsddifficultysdswallowing.sdWhichsdcollaborativesdtherapysdshouldsdth

esdnursesdrequest?sd-sdanswer--
Speechsdtherapy.sdSpeechsdtherapysdissdbeneficialsdforsdpatientssdcsdspeechsdorsdswallowi
ngsdproblems.sdCognitivesdtherapysdhelpssdtreatsdchangessdinsdthesdPTssdabilitysdtosdthink,s
dreason,sdconcentrate,sd&sdremember.sdComplementary/

sdalternativesdtherapies:sdRest,sdvocationalsdrehab,sdstress-

reductionsdtechniques,sdkeepingsdbodysdtempsdcool,sdregular,sdmildsdexercisesdprogram,sd
well-balancedsddietsdcsdadequatesdhydrationsd&sdPT,sdOTsd&sdcognitivesdtherapy

, Whichsdassessmentsdissdmostsdimportantsdforsdthesdnursesdtosdmakesdforsdasdpatientsdwithsd
MSsd-sdanswer--Gait.sdWhensdassessingsdasdpatientsddiagnosedsdw/
sdMSsditsdissdmostsdimportantsdforsdthesdnursesdtosdassesssdthesdpatient'ssdgaitsdbecausesdthi

ssdissdmostsdaffectedsdbysdthesddiseasesdandsdcansdinterferesdwithsdthesdpatient'ssdsafety.

39sdYOsdPTsdreportssdnumbnesssdinsdthesdhandssd&sdfeet,sdblurredsdvision,sd&sdvertigo.sdD
uringsdhealthsdHX,sdPTsdreportssdsmokingsd&sdinformssdthesdRNsdthatsdtheirsdsistersdhassdM
S.sdWhichsddiagnosticsdtestsdshouldsdthesdnursesdanticipatesdbeingsdprescribedsdbysdthesdH
CP?sd-sdanswer--
MRI.sdPTsdissdexperiencingsdsymptomssdofsdMS.sdInsdaddition,sdthesdPTsdhassdseveralsdrisk
sdfactorssdthatsdtriggersdthesdimmunesdresponsesdthatsdmaysdresultsdinsdMS.sdThesesdare:sda

ge,sdgender,sdsmoking,sd&sdhavingsdasdfirst-
degreesdrelativesdcsdMS.sdThesdnursesdwouldsdanticipatesdthatsdthesdHCPsdwouldsdsuggest
sdansdMRIsdbecausesditsdwillsdhelpsddetectsdlesionssdinsdthesdCNSsdindicatingsddemyelinatio

n.

Asd53sdYOsddiagnosedsdw/sdMSsdreportssdvisionsddifficultiessdtosdthesdnurse.
WhichsdprocesssdofsdMSsdshouldsdthesdnursesdconsidersdassdthesdcausesdofsdthesdvisionsddif
ficulty?sd-sdanswer--
MSsdcausessddamagesdtosdthesdaxonssdinsdthesdopticsdnerve.sdMSsdcausessddamagesdtosdal
lsdareassdofsdthesdCNS,sdincludingsdthesdopticsdnerve.sdMSsddamagessdthesdaxonssdinsdthesd
CNS.sdVisualsdproblemssdassociatedsdwithsdMS:Unilateralsdlosssdofsdvision.
Opticsdneuritis.Doublesdvision.Blurredsdvision.Oscillopsia.
Red-greensddysfunction.

Thesdnursesdissdpreparingsdasdpresentationsdtosdyoungsdwomensdw/sdMS.sd
Whichsdstatementsdshouldsdthesdnursesdinclude?sd-sdanswer--
PregnancysdwillsdnotsdaffectsdthesdprogressionsdofsdMS.sdResearchsdhassdshownsdthatsdpre
gnancysddoessdnotsdaffectsdnormalsdcoursesdofsdMSsd&sditsddoessdnotsdaffectsdabilitysdtosdbe
comesdpregnant.sdPregosdwomensdaresdusuallysdprotectedsdfromsdexacerbationssdduringsd
thesd2ndsdorsd3rdsdtrimester,sdandsdtheysdusuallysdexperiencesddecreasedsdpainsdduringsdla
borsdbecausesdofsdsensorysddeficits.

Thesdnursesdissdpreparingsdforsdasddiscussionsdwithsdasdcommunitysdgroupsdofsdcaregiverss
dforsdoldersdadultsdpatientssdw/

sdMS.sdWhichsdstatementsdshouldsdthesdnursesdplansdtosdinclude?sd-sdanswer--

OldersdadultsdlivingsdwithsdMSsdtypicallysdshowsdmoresdseveresdsymptomssdthansdyoungers
dpeople.



Thesdnursesdissdcaringsdforsdasdchildsddiagnosedsdw/
sdMS.sdThesdnursesdteachessdthesdchild'ssdparentssdaboutsdthesddisease.sdWhichsdstateme

ntsdissdmostsdimportantsdforsdthesdnursesdtosdincludesdinsdthesdteaching?sd-
sdanswer--"Yousdneedsdtosdwatchsdyoursdchildsdcloselysdforsdseizures."sdChildrensdwithsdM

Ssdoftensdexperiencesdseizuressd&sdmentalsdstatussdchangessdthatsdaresdnotsdcommonsdins
dadults.sdOnlysd2-

5%sdofsdPTssddevelopsdMSsdassdchildren.sdChildrensdhavesdhighersdratessdofsdrelapse,sditsd
progressessdmoresdslowly,sddisabilitysdoccurssdatsdyoungersdagesdbecausesdofsdearlysdons
et