NR 546 / NR546 Actual Final Exam 2025
Prediction questions (All correct answers,
Already graded A)
Course
NR 546 (NR546)
1. Which of the following is an example of quantitative research?
A. Case study analysis
B. Focus group interview
C. Survey using Likert scale
D. Ethnographic study
✅ Answer: C. Survey using Likert scale
🔎 Rationale: Quantitative research involves numerical data and often uses tools like surveys
with Likert scales to measure attitudes, opinions, or behaviors.
2. What is the purpose of randomization in a clinical trial?
A. To eliminate bias by ensuring equal distribution of participants
B. To make the trial easier to manage
C. To ensure patients in the control group receive the experimental treatment
D. To reduce the complexity of statistical analysis
✅ Answer: A. To eliminate bias by ensuring equal distribution of participants
🔎 Rationale: Randomization helps to eliminate bias and ensures that groups are comparable
by randomly assigning participants to either the experimental or control group.
3. What does a p-value of 0.03 in a study indicate?
A. The null hypothesis is true
B. There is a 3% chance that the results are due to random variation
C. The study results are statistically insignificant
D. The effect size is large
✅ Answer: B. There is a 3% chance that the results are due to random variation
,🔎 Rationale: A p-value of 0.03 indicates that there is a 3% chance that the results occurred by
random chance, meaning the results are statistically significant (assuming the typical threshold of
0.05).
4. In qualitative research, which of the following is the most common data
collection method?
A. Randomized controlled trials
B. Structured surveys
C. In-depth interviews
D. Statistical analysis
✅ Answer: C. In-depth interviews
🔎 Rationale: Qualitative research often uses in-depth interviews to explore participants'
experiences, perceptions, and feelings in a detailed and nuanced way.
5. Which type of research design is most appropriate for examining the cause-
and-effect relationship between two variables?
A. Descriptive research
B. Experimental research
C. Correlational research
D. Grounded theory research
✅ Answer: B. Experimental research
🔎 Rationale: Experimental research is designed to identify cause-and-effect relationships by
manipulating one or more independent variables and measuring their effect on the dependent
variables.
6. What is the primary purpose of a literature review in nursing research?
A. To present new experimental findings
B. To summarize existing research on a topic and identify gaps
C. To develop new research hypotheses
D. To gather personal experiences from patients
✅ Answer: B. To summarize existing research on a topic and identify gaps
,🔎 Rationale: A literature review helps to summarize existing research, analyze trends, and
identify gaps where further research is needed.
7. Which of the following is a characteristic of non-experimental research?
A. Random assignment of participants
B. Manipulation of the independent variable
C. The use of observational or survey data
D. Control over extraneous variables
✅ Answer: C. The use of observational or survey data
🔎 Rationale: Non-experimental research often involves observational or survey methods
where the researcher does not manipulate the independent variable.
8. What is internal validity in a research study?
A. The degree to which the results of the study can be generalized to other populations
B. The extent to which the study accurately measures what it intends to measure
C. The degree of control over confounding variables
D. The ability to replicate the study’s findings
✅ Answer: B. The extent to which the study accurately measures what it intends to
measure
🔎 Rationale: Internal validity refers to how well a study can measure the intended variables
and whether the results are due to the manipulation of the independent variable.
9. In which type of research does the researcher immerse themselves in the study
setting, often interacting with participants?
A. Experimental research
B. Grounded theory research
C. Ethnographic research
D. Meta-analysis
✅ Answer: C. Ethnographic research
, 🔎 Rationale: Ethnographic research involves the researcher immersing themselves in the
environment and culture of the participants, often through direct interaction and observation.
10. Which of the following is an example of secondary data in nursing research?
A. A survey you administer to patients
B. Health records accessed for research purposes
C. Focus group discussions
D. A laboratory experiment you conduct
✅ Answer: B. Health records accessed for research purposes
🔎 Rationale: Secondary data involves using existing data that was collected for other
purposes, such as health records or previously published research data.
11. What is the primary function of descriptive statistics in research?
A. To analyze the relationship between variables
B. To summarize and describe the characteristics of a data set
C. To determine the cause-and-effect relationships
D. To test hypotheses
✅ Answer: B. To summarize and describe the characteristics of a data set
🔎 Rationale: Descriptive statistics are used to summarize and describe the features of a
dataset, such as means, medians, and standard deviations.
12. Which type of study is best for examining the relationship between variables without
manipulating them?
A. Experimental study
B. Cohort study
C. Case-control study
D. Correlational study
✅ Answer: D. Correlational study
🔎 Rationale: A correlational study examines the relationship between two or more variables
without manipulating them, identifying patterns or associations.
Prediction questions (All correct answers,
Already graded A)
Course
NR 546 (NR546)
1. Which of the following is an example of quantitative research?
A. Case study analysis
B. Focus group interview
C. Survey using Likert scale
D. Ethnographic study
✅ Answer: C. Survey using Likert scale
🔎 Rationale: Quantitative research involves numerical data and often uses tools like surveys
with Likert scales to measure attitudes, opinions, or behaviors.
2. What is the purpose of randomization in a clinical trial?
A. To eliminate bias by ensuring equal distribution of participants
B. To make the trial easier to manage
C. To ensure patients in the control group receive the experimental treatment
D. To reduce the complexity of statistical analysis
✅ Answer: A. To eliminate bias by ensuring equal distribution of participants
🔎 Rationale: Randomization helps to eliminate bias and ensures that groups are comparable
by randomly assigning participants to either the experimental or control group.
3. What does a p-value of 0.03 in a study indicate?
A. The null hypothesis is true
B. There is a 3% chance that the results are due to random variation
C. The study results are statistically insignificant
D. The effect size is large
✅ Answer: B. There is a 3% chance that the results are due to random variation
,🔎 Rationale: A p-value of 0.03 indicates that there is a 3% chance that the results occurred by
random chance, meaning the results are statistically significant (assuming the typical threshold of
0.05).
4. In qualitative research, which of the following is the most common data
collection method?
A. Randomized controlled trials
B. Structured surveys
C. In-depth interviews
D. Statistical analysis
✅ Answer: C. In-depth interviews
🔎 Rationale: Qualitative research often uses in-depth interviews to explore participants'
experiences, perceptions, and feelings in a detailed and nuanced way.
5. Which type of research design is most appropriate for examining the cause-
and-effect relationship between two variables?
A. Descriptive research
B. Experimental research
C. Correlational research
D. Grounded theory research
✅ Answer: B. Experimental research
🔎 Rationale: Experimental research is designed to identify cause-and-effect relationships by
manipulating one or more independent variables and measuring their effect on the dependent
variables.
6. What is the primary purpose of a literature review in nursing research?
A. To present new experimental findings
B. To summarize existing research on a topic and identify gaps
C. To develop new research hypotheses
D. To gather personal experiences from patients
✅ Answer: B. To summarize existing research on a topic and identify gaps
,🔎 Rationale: A literature review helps to summarize existing research, analyze trends, and
identify gaps where further research is needed.
7. Which of the following is a characteristic of non-experimental research?
A. Random assignment of participants
B. Manipulation of the independent variable
C. The use of observational or survey data
D. Control over extraneous variables
✅ Answer: C. The use of observational or survey data
🔎 Rationale: Non-experimental research often involves observational or survey methods
where the researcher does not manipulate the independent variable.
8. What is internal validity in a research study?
A. The degree to which the results of the study can be generalized to other populations
B. The extent to which the study accurately measures what it intends to measure
C. The degree of control over confounding variables
D. The ability to replicate the study’s findings
✅ Answer: B. The extent to which the study accurately measures what it intends to
measure
🔎 Rationale: Internal validity refers to how well a study can measure the intended variables
and whether the results are due to the manipulation of the independent variable.
9. In which type of research does the researcher immerse themselves in the study
setting, often interacting with participants?
A. Experimental research
B. Grounded theory research
C. Ethnographic research
D. Meta-analysis
✅ Answer: C. Ethnographic research
, 🔎 Rationale: Ethnographic research involves the researcher immersing themselves in the
environment and culture of the participants, often through direct interaction and observation.
10. Which of the following is an example of secondary data in nursing research?
A. A survey you administer to patients
B. Health records accessed for research purposes
C. Focus group discussions
D. A laboratory experiment you conduct
✅ Answer: B. Health records accessed for research purposes
🔎 Rationale: Secondary data involves using existing data that was collected for other
purposes, such as health records or previously published research data.
11. What is the primary function of descriptive statistics in research?
A. To analyze the relationship between variables
B. To summarize and describe the characteristics of a data set
C. To determine the cause-and-effect relationships
D. To test hypotheses
✅ Answer: B. To summarize and describe the characteristics of a data set
🔎 Rationale: Descriptive statistics are used to summarize and describe the features of a
dataset, such as means, medians, and standard deviations.
12. Which type of study is best for examining the relationship between variables without
manipulating them?
A. Experimental study
B. Cohort study
C. Case-control study
D. Correlational study
✅ Answer: D. Correlational study
🔎 Rationale: A correlational study examines the relationship between two or more variables
without manipulating them, identifying patterns or associations.
