BIOCHEM WGU PA
1. Which mRNA sequence results in a polypeptide that contains three amino acids?: 5' - CUU GAU ACU UAG -
3'
2. Which template strand DNA sequence would result in the amino acid (Ser)?-
: 5' - CGA - 3'
Pay attention. The TEMPLATE STRAND DNA is a 3'-5' so it's flipped.
3. What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence?
5' - GCC ATC TCG AAT - 3': 5' - ATT CGA GAT GGC - 3'
4. Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the completion of four complete
PCR cycles?: 16
5. What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR?: It rec- ognizes the primers and uses the
available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence.
6. What is the amino acid in position 118 that results from a single nucleotide insertion immediately following the
three guanines that encode for glycine 116?: Thr
7. In sickle-cell disease, the glutamic acid (Glu) at position number seven is mutated to valine (Val).
What change in codons corresponds to this mutation?: GAA to GTA
8. What are possible blood types of the parents of a patient with blood type AB?: A and B
9. Given the pedigree chart, what type of muscular dystrophy is most likely affecting this family?: Becker's: X-
linked recessive
10.Which pair of chromosomes accurately depicts the genotype of a person with an autosomal recessive mutant
HBB allele and sickle cell anemia?: C
11.Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1 and SIRT2 is associated with
chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to drug addiction.
What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in people ad- dicted to cocaine increases their
expression?: The nucleosomes become more widely spaced.
12.What occurs during the process of alternative splicing of mRNA?: Alternate combinations of exons within the
same gene are linked together.
13.Which type of mammalian DNA damage repair requires the presence of the chromosome that is homologous
to the damaged chromosome?: Recombina- tion
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5
, BIOCHEM WGU PA
14.Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a recessive genetic disease that occurs when one or more of the genes that
perform nucleotide excision repair are nonfunctional.
Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the general population?: The mutation rate
of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair.
15.Which portion of the amino acid is inside the box?: Amino group
16.Which portion of the amino acid is inside the box?: Carboxyl group
17.Which pair of amino acids will form a hydrogen bond between their side chains?: A
18.Which amino acid would most likely participate in ionic bonds?: B
19.Which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein?: Hydrophobic effect
20.Given the following amino acid structure, what is the strongest intermol- ecular force it would participate in
to stabilize a protein structure?: Hydrogen bond
21.What is the name of large, functional protein structures composed of smaller proteins with multiple
subunits?: Quaternary structure
22.Pepsin, the enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of peptide bonds, has the highest activity in the acidic
environment of the stomach.
What process is disrupted after a patient ingests excessive antacid that neutralizes the pH of the stomach?: Protein
catabolism
23.An active elderly patient is becoming frequently disoriented, having trou- ble recalling her daily routine,
and becoming aggravated easily. She forgets words and places and has difficulty recognizing her children.
Which biochemical event is responsible for this patient's behavior?: Protein aggregation
24.In which situation would altering a protein structure lead to a disease state?: A mutation in aconitase
blocks an essential step in aerobic metabolism
25.Which structural level is impacted by denaturing a protein containing a single polypeptide?: Tertiary
26.Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disease caused by amino acid substitution of Arg to Trp at position 408 in the
phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) protein. The side chains of Arg and Trp are given below.
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1. Which mRNA sequence results in a polypeptide that contains three amino acids?: 5' - CUU GAU ACU UAG -
3'
2. Which template strand DNA sequence would result in the amino acid (Ser)?-
: 5' - CGA - 3'
Pay attention. The TEMPLATE STRAND DNA is a 3'-5' so it's flipped.
3. What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence?
5' - GCC ATC TCG AAT - 3': 5' - ATT CGA GAT GGC - 3'
4. Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the completion of four complete
PCR cycles?: 16
5. What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR?: It rec- ognizes the primers and uses the
available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence.
6. What is the amino acid in position 118 that results from a single nucleotide insertion immediately following the
three guanines that encode for glycine 116?: Thr
7. In sickle-cell disease, the glutamic acid (Glu) at position number seven is mutated to valine (Val).
What change in codons corresponds to this mutation?: GAA to GTA
8. What are possible blood types of the parents of a patient with blood type AB?: A and B
9. Given the pedigree chart, what type of muscular dystrophy is most likely affecting this family?: Becker's: X-
linked recessive
10.Which pair of chromosomes accurately depicts the genotype of a person with an autosomal recessive mutant
HBB allele and sickle cell anemia?: C
11.Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1 and SIRT2 is associated with
chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to drug addiction.
What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in people ad- dicted to cocaine increases their
expression?: The nucleosomes become more widely spaced.
12.What occurs during the process of alternative splicing of mRNA?: Alternate combinations of exons within the
same gene are linked together.
13.Which type of mammalian DNA damage repair requires the presence of the chromosome that is homologous
to the damaged chromosome?: Recombina- tion
1/
5
, BIOCHEM WGU PA
14.Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a recessive genetic disease that occurs when one or more of the genes that
perform nucleotide excision repair are nonfunctional.
Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the general population?: The mutation rate
of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair.
15.Which portion of the amino acid is inside the box?: Amino group
16.Which portion of the amino acid is inside the box?: Carboxyl group
17.Which pair of amino acids will form a hydrogen bond between their side chains?: A
18.Which amino acid would most likely participate in ionic bonds?: B
19.Which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein?: Hydrophobic effect
20.Given the following amino acid structure, what is the strongest intermol- ecular force it would participate in
to stabilize a protein structure?: Hydrogen bond
21.What is the name of large, functional protein structures composed of smaller proteins with multiple
subunits?: Quaternary structure
22.Pepsin, the enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of peptide bonds, has the highest activity in the acidic
environment of the stomach.
What process is disrupted after a patient ingests excessive antacid that neutralizes the pH of the stomach?: Protein
catabolism
23.An active elderly patient is becoming frequently disoriented, having trou- ble recalling her daily routine,
and becoming aggravated easily. She forgets words and places and has difficulty recognizing her children.
Which biochemical event is responsible for this patient's behavior?: Protein aggregation
24.In which situation would altering a protein structure lead to a disease state?: A mutation in aconitase
blocks an essential step in aerobic metabolism
25.Which structural level is impacted by denaturing a protein containing a single polypeptide?: Tertiary
26.Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disease caused by amino acid substitution of Arg to Trp at position 408 in the
phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) protein. The side chains of Arg and Trp are given below.
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