BIO 348 - Lecture Exam #2 Questions and Answers.
4 functional properties of all muscle tissues - Correct Answer contractility, excitability,
extensibility, elasticity
Contractility - Correct Answer ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated
what is responsible for contractility - Correct Answer actin and myosin
excitability - Correct Answer nerve signals or other stimuli excite muscle cells by causing
electrical impulses
extensibility - Correct Answer muscle cells can be stretched or lengthened
when does extensibility occur - Correct Answer when the opposing muscle is contracting
elasticity - Correct Answer muscle tissues recoiling passively and resuming resting length
skeletal muscle tissue (microscopic anatomy) - Correct Answer attaches to skeleton,
striated with muscle fibers, voluntary contraction
cardiac muscle tissue (microscopic anatomy) - Correct Answer only occurs in walls of the
heart (visceral organ), striated, involuntary contraction
smooth muscle tissue (microscopic anatomy) - Correct Answer found in the walls of the
hollow internal organs(visceral organ), no striations, involuntary contraction
how does skeletal muscle produce movement - Correct Answer attaches to skeleton and
moves by moving bones
how do visceral organs produce movement - Correct Answer contract and release to move
fluid and substances through hollow organs
what kind of muscles open and close body passages, how? - Correct Answer sphincter
muscles, encircle openings, contract to restrict, relax to allow passage
how do skeletal muscles and muscle tone maintain posture and stabilize joints - Correct
Answer contract continuously
how do muscles produce heat - Correct Answer contraction
what connective tissue surrounds muscles (organ level) - Correct Answer epimysium
what connective tissue surrounds fascicles - Correct Answer perimysium
what connective tissue surrounds muscle fibers (cell level) - Correct Answer endomysium
,muscles are made up of - Correct Answer fascicles
fascicles are made up of - Correct Answer muscle fibers
muscle fibers are made up of - Correct Answer myofibrils
myofibrils are made up of - Correct Answer sarcomeres
contractile proteins are - Correct Answer actin and myosin
sarcomeres are made up of - Correct Answer actin and myosin filaments
types of myofilaments - Correct Answer thick and thin
what are thick filaments - Correct Answer bundled myosin molecules
what are thin filaments - Correct Answer actin molecules and regulator proteins
what are regulator proteins - Correct Answer troponin and tropomyosin
epimysium - Correct Answer connective tissue surrounding entire muscle
perimysium - Correct Answer Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
endomysium - Correct Answer connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
in general what are skeletal muscles supplied by - Correct Answer one nerve, one artery,
and one or more veins
how do nerves are vessels supply intramuscular connective tissue - Correct Answer they
branch out through the tissue, with the smallest branches serving individual muscle fibers
contracting muscles have a high demand for ____ and ____ - Correct Answer nutrients,
O2
the basic unit of contraction in skeletal muscle - Correct Answer sarcomere
troponin - Correct Answer regulatory protein in thin filaments that spiral around actin
molecules
tropomyosin - Correct Answer regulatory protein that covers myosin-binding sites to
prevent actin from binding to myosin
what enzyme do thick filaments contain, and what does it do - Correct Answer ATPase -
splits ATP to release the energy required for muscle contraction
, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) - Correct Answer specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
which stores, releases, and retrieves Ca++
t- tubules - Correct Answer transverse tubules - formed by inward extensions of the
sarcolemma that allow electrical impulses to move deeper into the muscle cell
sarcolemma - Correct Answer plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
what is in a motor unit - Correct Answer one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it
innervates
process of a general motor unit - Correct Answer motor neuron fires, all skeletal muscle
fibers in unit contract together
difference between fine control motor unit and a larger motor unit - Correct Answer fine
control uses few muscle fibers per unit, while bulkier motor units have many muscle fibers
recruitment - Correct Answer the addition of motor units to accomplish a movement
what part of a motor neuron innervates with muscle fibers - Correct Answer axon
reflex arc - Correct Answer a neural wiring of a single reflex
steps of reflex arc - Correct Answer 1. sensory receptor
* goes through interneuron *
2. sensory (afferent) neuron
3. integration center
4. motor (efferent) neuron
5. effector organ
sensory receptor function (in reflex arc) - Correct Answer respond to stimulus by producing
a generator or receptor potential
classification of a reflex categories - Correct Answer development, response, complexity,
processing site
integration center function (in reflex arc) - Correct Answer one or more regions within the
CNS that relay impulses form sensory to motor neurons
motor (efferent) neuron function (in reflex arc) - Correct Answer axon conducts impulses
from integrating center to effector
effector organ function (in reflex arc) - Correct Answer muscle or gland that responds to
motor nerve impulses
4 functional properties of all muscle tissues - Correct Answer contractility, excitability,
extensibility, elasticity
Contractility - Correct Answer ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated
what is responsible for contractility - Correct Answer actin and myosin
excitability - Correct Answer nerve signals or other stimuli excite muscle cells by causing
electrical impulses
extensibility - Correct Answer muscle cells can be stretched or lengthened
when does extensibility occur - Correct Answer when the opposing muscle is contracting
elasticity - Correct Answer muscle tissues recoiling passively and resuming resting length
skeletal muscle tissue (microscopic anatomy) - Correct Answer attaches to skeleton,
striated with muscle fibers, voluntary contraction
cardiac muscle tissue (microscopic anatomy) - Correct Answer only occurs in walls of the
heart (visceral organ), striated, involuntary contraction
smooth muscle tissue (microscopic anatomy) - Correct Answer found in the walls of the
hollow internal organs(visceral organ), no striations, involuntary contraction
how does skeletal muscle produce movement - Correct Answer attaches to skeleton and
moves by moving bones
how do visceral organs produce movement - Correct Answer contract and release to move
fluid and substances through hollow organs
what kind of muscles open and close body passages, how? - Correct Answer sphincter
muscles, encircle openings, contract to restrict, relax to allow passage
how do skeletal muscles and muscle tone maintain posture and stabilize joints - Correct
Answer contract continuously
how do muscles produce heat - Correct Answer contraction
what connective tissue surrounds muscles (organ level) - Correct Answer epimysium
what connective tissue surrounds fascicles - Correct Answer perimysium
what connective tissue surrounds muscle fibers (cell level) - Correct Answer endomysium
,muscles are made up of - Correct Answer fascicles
fascicles are made up of - Correct Answer muscle fibers
muscle fibers are made up of - Correct Answer myofibrils
myofibrils are made up of - Correct Answer sarcomeres
contractile proteins are - Correct Answer actin and myosin
sarcomeres are made up of - Correct Answer actin and myosin filaments
types of myofilaments - Correct Answer thick and thin
what are thick filaments - Correct Answer bundled myosin molecules
what are thin filaments - Correct Answer actin molecules and regulator proteins
what are regulator proteins - Correct Answer troponin and tropomyosin
epimysium - Correct Answer connective tissue surrounding entire muscle
perimysium - Correct Answer Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
endomysium - Correct Answer connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
in general what are skeletal muscles supplied by - Correct Answer one nerve, one artery,
and one or more veins
how do nerves are vessels supply intramuscular connective tissue - Correct Answer they
branch out through the tissue, with the smallest branches serving individual muscle fibers
contracting muscles have a high demand for ____ and ____ - Correct Answer nutrients,
O2
the basic unit of contraction in skeletal muscle - Correct Answer sarcomere
troponin - Correct Answer regulatory protein in thin filaments that spiral around actin
molecules
tropomyosin - Correct Answer regulatory protein that covers myosin-binding sites to
prevent actin from binding to myosin
what enzyme do thick filaments contain, and what does it do - Correct Answer ATPase -
splits ATP to release the energy required for muscle contraction
, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) - Correct Answer specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
which stores, releases, and retrieves Ca++
t- tubules - Correct Answer transverse tubules - formed by inward extensions of the
sarcolemma that allow electrical impulses to move deeper into the muscle cell
sarcolemma - Correct Answer plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
what is in a motor unit - Correct Answer one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it
innervates
process of a general motor unit - Correct Answer motor neuron fires, all skeletal muscle
fibers in unit contract together
difference between fine control motor unit and a larger motor unit - Correct Answer fine
control uses few muscle fibers per unit, while bulkier motor units have many muscle fibers
recruitment - Correct Answer the addition of motor units to accomplish a movement
what part of a motor neuron innervates with muscle fibers - Correct Answer axon
reflex arc - Correct Answer a neural wiring of a single reflex
steps of reflex arc - Correct Answer 1. sensory receptor
* goes through interneuron *
2. sensory (afferent) neuron
3. integration center
4. motor (efferent) neuron
5. effector organ
sensory receptor function (in reflex arc) - Correct Answer respond to stimulus by producing
a generator or receptor potential
classification of a reflex categories - Correct Answer development, response, complexity,
processing site
integration center function (in reflex arc) - Correct Answer one or more regions within the
CNS that relay impulses form sensory to motor neurons
motor (efferent) neuron function (in reflex arc) - Correct Answer axon conducts impulses
from integrating center to effector
effector organ function (in reflex arc) - Correct Answer muscle or gland that responds to
motor nerve impulses
