DAT Biology EXAM PREP WITH
CORRECT Q AND A
atom - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅made up of neutrons, protons, and electrons
molecules - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅groups of 2 or more atoms joined via chemical
bonds. chemical bonds are due to electron interactions.
electronegativity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅defines the ability of an atom to attract
electrons.
intramolecular bonds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ionic and covalent bonds
intermolecular bonds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅hydrogen bonds
ionic bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅complete transfer of electrons from one atom to
another.
electronegativity of atoms are very different.
ex) NaCl
covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅electrons are shared between atoms.
nonpolar covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅equal sharing of electrons between
atoms.
electronegativity of atoms are equal.
ex) Cl2
polar covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅unequal sharing of electrons between
atoms.
,forms a dipole.
electronegativity of atoms are slightly different.
ex) HCl
dipole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅electrons spend more time around one atom, giving that
atom slight negative charge and the other a slight positive charge.
hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a weak intermolecular bond between
molecules that results when a hydrogen attached to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to
the negative charge on another molecule (with an F, O, or N atom).
ex) between H2O molecules
monomers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅single units polymers
polymers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅series of repeating monomers
functional groups - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅specific cluster of atoms that give molecules
unique properties. these are often referred to as R groups.
sulfhydryl - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅
monosaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅single sugar molecules.
ex) glucose, fructose, galactose
alpha vs beta carbon is based on the position of H and OH on the 1st (anomeric) carbon (OH
down = alpha, OH up = beta)
disaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅two sugar molecules joined together by a
glycosidic linkage.
e.g. sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), maltose (glucose + glucose)
,glycosidic linkage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅joined by dehydration
polysaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a series of connected monosaccharides (an
example of a polymer).
bonded together via dehydration synthesis and broken via hydrolysis.
alpha-glucose polymer carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅starch
glycogen
starch - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅functions to store energy in plant cells. consists
primarily of amylose and amylopectin.
glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅functions to store energy in animal cells. differs
from starch in its polymer branching.
beta glucose polymer carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅cellulose
chitin
cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅functions as a structural molecule for the walls of
plant cells and wood.
chitin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅functions as a structural molecule in fungal cell walls &
arthropod exoskeletons. structurally similar to cellulose but with nitrogen-containing groups
attached to each B-glucose ring.
Polymers of amino acids joined by - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅peptide bonds
Amino acid structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Central α-carbon bonded to H, NH2,
COOH and a variable R
, group
Fibrous protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Insoluble, long polymer ibers/sheets, form
structural components of cells.
ex) collagen
Globular protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Soluble, folded tightly, perform many
functions.
ex) albumin
Intermediate protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Soluble, fiber shaped, perform many
functions.
ex) fibrinogen
simple protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Only amino acids.
ex) albumin
Conjugated protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Amino acids + non‐protein components.
ex) glycoprotein (mucin), metalloprotein (hemoglobin), lipoprotein (HDL/LDL)
primary structure of a protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅amino acid sequence
secondary structure of a protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the 3D shape that results from
its hydrogen
bonding between amino and carboxyl groups of adjacent amino acids. Secondary structures
include the alpha helix and beta sheet.
tertiary structure of a protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅3D structure due to noncovalent
interactions
CORRECT Q AND A
atom - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅made up of neutrons, protons, and electrons
molecules - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅groups of 2 or more atoms joined via chemical
bonds. chemical bonds are due to electron interactions.
electronegativity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅defines the ability of an atom to attract
electrons.
intramolecular bonds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ionic and covalent bonds
intermolecular bonds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅hydrogen bonds
ionic bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅complete transfer of electrons from one atom to
another.
electronegativity of atoms are very different.
ex) NaCl
covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅electrons are shared between atoms.
nonpolar covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅equal sharing of electrons between
atoms.
electronegativity of atoms are equal.
ex) Cl2
polar covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅unequal sharing of electrons between
atoms.
,forms a dipole.
electronegativity of atoms are slightly different.
ex) HCl
dipole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅electrons spend more time around one atom, giving that
atom slight negative charge and the other a slight positive charge.
hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a weak intermolecular bond between
molecules that results when a hydrogen attached to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to
the negative charge on another molecule (with an F, O, or N atom).
ex) between H2O molecules
monomers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅single units polymers
polymers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅series of repeating monomers
functional groups - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅specific cluster of atoms that give molecules
unique properties. these are often referred to as R groups.
sulfhydryl - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅
monosaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅single sugar molecules.
ex) glucose, fructose, galactose
alpha vs beta carbon is based on the position of H and OH on the 1st (anomeric) carbon (OH
down = alpha, OH up = beta)
disaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅two sugar molecules joined together by a
glycosidic linkage.
e.g. sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), maltose (glucose + glucose)
,glycosidic linkage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅joined by dehydration
polysaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a series of connected monosaccharides (an
example of a polymer).
bonded together via dehydration synthesis and broken via hydrolysis.
alpha-glucose polymer carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅starch
glycogen
starch - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅functions to store energy in plant cells. consists
primarily of amylose and amylopectin.
glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅functions to store energy in animal cells. differs
from starch in its polymer branching.
beta glucose polymer carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅cellulose
chitin
cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅functions as a structural molecule for the walls of
plant cells and wood.
chitin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅functions as a structural molecule in fungal cell walls &
arthropod exoskeletons. structurally similar to cellulose but with nitrogen-containing groups
attached to each B-glucose ring.
Polymers of amino acids joined by - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅peptide bonds
Amino acid structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Central α-carbon bonded to H, NH2,
COOH and a variable R
, group
Fibrous protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Insoluble, long polymer ibers/sheets, form
structural components of cells.
ex) collagen
Globular protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Soluble, folded tightly, perform many
functions.
ex) albumin
Intermediate protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Soluble, fiber shaped, perform many
functions.
ex) fibrinogen
simple protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Only amino acids.
ex) albumin
Conjugated protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Amino acids + non‐protein components.
ex) glycoprotein (mucin), metalloprotein (hemoglobin), lipoprotein (HDL/LDL)
primary structure of a protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅amino acid sequence
secondary structure of a protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the 3D shape that results from
its hydrogen
bonding between amino and carboxyl groups of adjacent amino acids. Secondary structures
include the alpha helix and beta sheet.
tertiary structure of a protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅3D structure due to noncovalent
interactions
