CSSD EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWEERS LATEST
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ambisyllabic cluster
-word medial cluster that can't be clearly assigned to one syllable or another
-ex: /st/ cluster in mustard
-in therapy we could create a syllable break in the middle of the word: mus-tard. Then
we would ask the child to slowly bring the syllables together until he produces a true
intervocalic cluster.
articulatory feature
-features required to produce a phoneme
-height, advancement, lip rounding, tenseness, place, manner, voicing
auditory training
-first step in phonetic therapy before production
-also known as ear training
-teaching the child to hear the difference between the target sound and what they
usually use in its place
-steps during this stage include: identification, isolation, stimulation, discrimination,
special considerations, and self monitoring
binary feature
-defines each phoneme as a bundle of features, articulatory, and acoustic, each of
which have either positive or negative values
carrier phrase
-a repeated phrase used to introduce different words that contain a target phoneme,
e.g., "I want the (target word)."
carryover
-refers to generalize from a clinical setting to an extra-clinical setting, e.g., home,
school, playground.
-also could be called generalization
childhood apraxia of speech
-inability to sequence speech movements after exclusion of sensory, cognitive, and
language disruptions
-motor speech disorder involving deficits in prearticulatory sequencing of segmental
targets
-inability of child to perform volitional/imitative productions of sounds and sequences
coarticulatory effect
-effects produced by sequences of sounds
-the brain programs series of articulatory movements and takes into consideration the
preceding and following phonemes as a result we do not produce
-for example, /s/, the same way each time.
-wow we produce it is influenced by the vowel or consonant that precedes or follows it.
compensatory articulatory gestures
-articulatory movements made by speakers who must adjust/compensate for some type
of anatomical or physiological impairment.
congenital neuromuscular impairment
, -special population
-spastic, athetoid, ataxic
-impairment likely in all speech systems (respiration, phonation, articulation)
-ID often co-exists
-AAC viable alternative
-health issues can compromise treatment
criterion for mastery
-refers to the target behavior a child must achieve before advancing in therapy
-for example, the child must produce a target sound in monosyllabic words with 90%
accuracy.
cycles approach
-a goal attack strategy in which each phonological target is worked on for a set amount
of time before moving on to the next target
-when all targets have been worked on, you cycle back to the first target and repeat the
sequence
-also known as cyclical strategy
cyclic strategy
-also known as cycles approach
-goal attack strategy where each phonological target is worked on for a set amount of
time before moving on to the next target
dark /l/
postvocalic and velarized
derhotacization
-distortion error where sound loses /r/ coloring
dialect density
-number of dialectal features manifestsed by a particular speaker
discrimination
-the ability to distinguish between a target sound and the substituted sound or omission
that replaces it
-also called error detection
-child hears target sound contrasted with the error they usually make
-says if sound is right or wrong
dismissal criteria
-those behaviors that a child must achieve before therapy is ended
dysarthria
muscle weakness
ear training
-auditory perceptual training that's done as the first step in phonetic therapy, prior to
working on production
epenthesis
-insertion of a vowel in a word.
-most often when talking about children's speech, this refers to the insertion of schwa
between elements of a cluster
error detection
-coarticulatory effects are those subtle differences in speech produced by a particular
phonetic context, e.g., /s/ followed by a high front vowel
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ambisyllabic cluster
-word medial cluster that can't be clearly assigned to one syllable or another
-ex: /st/ cluster in mustard
-in therapy we could create a syllable break in the middle of the word: mus-tard. Then
we would ask the child to slowly bring the syllables together until he produces a true
intervocalic cluster.
articulatory feature
-features required to produce a phoneme
-height, advancement, lip rounding, tenseness, place, manner, voicing
auditory training
-first step in phonetic therapy before production
-also known as ear training
-teaching the child to hear the difference between the target sound and what they
usually use in its place
-steps during this stage include: identification, isolation, stimulation, discrimination,
special considerations, and self monitoring
binary feature
-defines each phoneme as a bundle of features, articulatory, and acoustic, each of
which have either positive or negative values
carrier phrase
-a repeated phrase used to introduce different words that contain a target phoneme,
e.g., "I want the (target word)."
carryover
-refers to generalize from a clinical setting to an extra-clinical setting, e.g., home,
school, playground.
-also could be called generalization
childhood apraxia of speech
-inability to sequence speech movements after exclusion of sensory, cognitive, and
language disruptions
-motor speech disorder involving deficits in prearticulatory sequencing of segmental
targets
-inability of child to perform volitional/imitative productions of sounds and sequences
coarticulatory effect
-effects produced by sequences of sounds
-the brain programs series of articulatory movements and takes into consideration the
preceding and following phonemes as a result we do not produce
-for example, /s/, the same way each time.
-wow we produce it is influenced by the vowel or consonant that precedes or follows it.
compensatory articulatory gestures
-articulatory movements made by speakers who must adjust/compensate for some type
of anatomical or physiological impairment.
congenital neuromuscular impairment
, -special population
-spastic, athetoid, ataxic
-impairment likely in all speech systems (respiration, phonation, articulation)
-ID often co-exists
-AAC viable alternative
-health issues can compromise treatment
criterion for mastery
-refers to the target behavior a child must achieve before advancing in therapy
-for example, the child must produce a target sound in monosyllabic words with 90%
accuracy.
cycles approach
-a goal attack strategy in which each phonological target is worked on for a set amount
of time before moving on to the next target
-when all targets have been worked on, you cycle back to the first target and repeat the
sequence
-also known as cyclical strategy
cyclic strategy
-also known as cycles approach
-goal attack strategy where each phonological target is worked on for a set amount of
time before moving on to the next target
dark /l/
postvocalic and velarized
derhotacization
-distortion error where sound loses /r/ coloring
dialect density
-number of dialectal features manifestsed by a particular speaker
discrimination
-the ability to distinguish between a target sound and the substituted sound or omission
that replaces it
-also called error detection
-child hears target sound contrasted with the error they usually make
-says if sound is right or wrong
dismissal criteria
-those behaviors that a child must achieve before therapy is ended
dysarthria
muscle weakness
ear training
-auditory perceptual training that's done as the first step in phonetic therapy, prior to
working on production
epenthesis
-insertion of a vowel in a word.
-most often when talking about children's speech, this refers to the insertion of schwa
between elements of a cluster
error detection
-coarticulatory effects are those subtle differences in speech produced by a particular
phonetic context, e.g., /s/ followed by a high front vowel
