Norris Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology------- Chap. 1: Concepts of
Health and Disease
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a58kjz
1. A client develops an infection with a resistant organism while hospitalized
for surgery. After treatment, there are no obvious signs of infection, but a
culture shows that the organism is present. Which term describes the client's
status?
a) Preclinical stage
b) Carrier status
c) Chronic disease
d) Clinical disease: b) Carrier status
In carrier status, the client shows no symptoms, tests positive for the disease, and
may still transmit the disease but is not infected. Chronic disease is a long-term,
continuous process. In the preclinical stage of a disease, a client may show no
symptoms but will progress to clinical disease. In clinical disease, the condition is
overtly present.
2. There are three fundamental types of prevention used in health care: prima-
ry, secondary, and tertiary. Which statement accurately describes secondary
prevention?
a) Secondary prevention is often accomplished outside the health care system
at the community level.
b) Secondary prevention goes beyond treating the problem with which the
person presents.
c) Secondary prevention takes place within health care systems and involves
the services of a number of different types of health care professionals.
d) Secondary prevention detects disease early, and most is done in clinical
settings.: d) Secondary prevention detects disease early, and most is done in
clinical settings.
Secondary prevention detects disease early in its course when it is still asympto-
matic and treatment measures can effect a cure or stop the disease from progress-
ing. Most secondary prevention is undertaken in clinical settings. Tertiary prevention
, Norris Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology------- Chap. 1: Concepts of
Health and Disease
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a58kjz
goes beyond treating the presenting problem. Tertiary prevention programs are
located within health care systems and involve the services of a number of different
types of health care professionals. Primary prevention is often accomplished outside
the health care system at the community level.
3. Why are some diseases termed syndromes?
a) They have complications.
b) They leave sequelae (e.g., lesions) and residual effects.
c) They are a compilation of signs and symptoms characteristic of a specific
disease state.
d) They are a group of disease states that has the same etiology.: c) They are
a compilation of signs and symptoms characteristic of a specific disease state.
A syndrome is a compilation of signs and symptoms (e.g., chronic fatigue syndrome)
that are characteristic of a specific disease state. Complications are possible ad-
verse extensions of a disease or outcomes from treatment. Sequelae are lesions or
impairments that follow or are caused by a disease. There is no name for a group of
disease states that all have the same cause.
4. A multidisciplinary healthcare team operates a program aimed at the pre-
vention, identification, and treatment of diabetes on a large Indian reservation.
Which aspect of the program would most likely be classified as secondary
prevention?
a) Administering oral antihyperglycemic medications to clients who have a
diagnosis of diabetes.
b) Teaching school children how a nutritious, traditional diet can lessen their
chances of developing adult-onset diabetes.
c) Staffing a booth where community residents who are attending a baseball
tournament can have their blood glucose levels checked.
d) Regularly scheduled wound dressing changes for clients who have foot
ulcers secondary to peripheral neuropathy and impaired wound healing.: c)
Staffing a booth where community residents who are attending a baseball tourna-
ment can have their blood glucose levels checked.
, Norris Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology------- Chap. 1: Concepts of
Health and Disease
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a58kjz
Secondary prevention focuses on screening and early disease identification, such
as checking the blood glucose levels of a large number of individuals to identify
potential cases of diabetes. Wound treatment and medication administration would
be considered tertiary interventions, and education would be considered primary
prevention.
5. An occupational therapist conducts a group therapy program called Mind-
Works with older adults who have diagnoses of dementia and Alzheimer's
disease. The goal of the group is to slow the cognitive decline of clients by
engaging them in regular, organized mental activity such as reading maps and
solving puzzles. How would the program most likely be characterized?
a) Prognosis enhancement
b) Tertiary prevention
c) Secondary prevention
d) Primary prevention: b) Tertiary prevention
Interventions aimed at slowing the course of an already-diagnosed disease charac-
terize tertiary prevention.
6. An epidemiologist is conducting a program of research aimed at identifying
factors associated with incidence and prevalence of congenital cardiac de-
fects in infants. The researcher has recruited a large number of mothers whose
infants were born with cardiac defects as well as mothers whose infants were
born with healthy hearts. The researcher is comparing the nutritional habits
of all the mothers while their babies were in utero. Which type of study is the
epidemiologist most likely conducting?
a) Cohort study
b) Cross-sectional study
c) Risk factor study
d) Case-control study: d) Case-control study
In this study, the mothers with cardiac-affected babies would be the case group,
while the mothers of healthy infants would serve as a control. This study does not
possess the characteristics of a cohort or cross-sectional study, and risk factor study
is not an existing methodology.
7. A client delivers a child via vaginal birth after having an uneventful prenatal
course. After the infant is born, the nurse discovers an extra digit. The client
Health and Disease
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a58kjz
1. A client develops an infection with a resistant organism while hospitalized
for surgery. After treatment, there are no obvious signs of infection, but a
culture shows that the organism is present. Which term describes the client's
status?
a) Preclinical stage
b) Carrier status
c) Chronic disease
d) Clinical disease: b) Carrier status
In carrier status, the client shows no symptoms, tests positive for the disease, and
may still transmit the disease but is not infected. Chronic disease is a long-term,
continuous process. In the preclinical stage of a disease, a client may show no
symptoms but will progress to clinical disease. In clinical disease, the condition is
overtly present.
2. There are three fundamental types of prevention used in health care: prima-
ry, secondary, and tertiary. Which statement accurately describes secondary
prevention?
a) Secondary prevention is often accomplished outside the health care system
at the community level.
b) Secondary prevention goes beyond treating the problem with which the
person presents.
c) Secondary prevention takes place within health care systems and involves
the services of a number of different types of health care professionals.
d) Secondary prevention detects disease early, and most is done in clinical
settings.: d) Secondary prevention detects disease early, and most is done in
clinical settings.
Secondary prevention detects disease early in its course when it is still asympto-
matic and treatment measures can effect a cure or stop the disease from progress-
ing. Most secondary prevention is undertaken in clinical settings. Tertiary prevention
, Norris Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology------- Chap. 1: Concepts of
Health and Disease
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a58kjz
goes beyond treating the presenting problem. Tertiary prevention programs are
located within health care systems and involve the services of a number of different
types of health care professionals. Primary prevention is often accomplished outside
the health care system at the community level.
3. Why are some diseases termed syndromes?
a) They have complications.
b) They leave sequelae (e.g., lesions) and residual effects.
c) They are a compilation of signs and symptoms characteristic of a specific
disease state.
d) They are a group of disease states that has the same etiology.: c) They are
a compilation of signs and symptoms characteristic of a specific disease state.
A syndrome is a compilation of signs and symptoms (e.g., chronic fatigue syndrome)
that are characteristic of a specific disease state. Complications are possible ad-
verse extensions of a disease or outcomes from treatment. Sequelae are lesions or
impairments that follow or are caused by a disease. There is no name for a group of
disease states that all have the same cause.
4. A multidisciplinary healthcare team operates a program aimed at the pre-
vention, identification, and treatment of diabetes on a large Indian reservation.
Which aspect of the program would most likely be classified as secondary
prevention?
a) Administering oral antihyperglycemic medications to clients who have a
diagnosis of diabetes.
b) Teaching school children how a nutritious, traditional diet can lessen their
chances of developing adult-onset diabetes.
c) Staffing a booth where community residents who are attending a baseball
tournament can have their blood glucose levels checked.
d) Regularly scheduled wound dressing changes for clients who have foot
ulcers secondary to peripheral neuropathy and impaired wound healing.: c)
Staffing a booth where community residents who are attending a baseball tourna-
ment can have their blood glucose levels checked.
, Norris Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology------- Chap. 1: Concepts of
Health and Disease
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a58kjz
Secondary prevention focuses on screening and early disease identification, such
as checking the blood glucose levels of a large number of individuals to identify
potential cases of diabetes. Wound treatment and medication administration would
be considered tertiary interventions, and education would be considered primary
prevention.
5. An occupational therapist conducts a group therapy program called Mind-
Works with older adults who have diagnoses of dementia and Alzheimer's
disease. The goal of the group is to slow the cognitive decline of clients by
engaging them in regular, organized mental activity such as reading maps and
solving puzzles. How would the program most likely be characterized?
a) Prognosis enhancement
b) Tertiary prevention
c) Secondary prevention
d) Primary prevention: b) Tertiary prevention
Interventions aimed at slowing the course of an already-diagnosed disease charac-
terize tertiary prevention.
6. An epidemiologist is conducting a program of research aimed at identifying
factors associated with incidence and prevalence of congenital cardiac de-
fects in infants. The researcher has recruited a large number of mothers whose
infants were born with cardiac defects as well as mothers whose infants were
born with healthy hearts. The researcher is comparing the nutritional habits
of all the mothers while their babies were in utero. Which type of study is the
epidemiologist most likely conducting?
a) Cohort study
b) Cross-sectional study
c) Risk factor study
d) Case-control study: d) Case-control study
In this study, the mothers with cardiac-affected babies would be the case group,
while the mothers of healthy infants would serve as a control. This study does not
possess the characteristics of a cohort or cross-sectional study, and risk factor study
is not an existing methodology.
7. A client delivers a child via vaginal birth after having an uneventful prenatal
course. After the infant is born, the nurse discovers an extra digit. The client
