SUMMARY BMZ2026
All tasks & lectures summarized
,Practical lecture: Two bin system
Two bin system - There are two bins that are stocked
with the supplies you need. You only
make use of the first bin until its
empty. If its empty, there will be a
signal that the first bin will have to be
restocked or replaced. Then you
make use of the second bin, that’s
supposed to have enough time to lust
unit the order for the first bin arrives.
The first bin has a minimum of
working stock and the second bin
keeps reverse stock or remaining
material.
- The goal of any two-bin system is to have enough inventory to continuously
produce outputs without having too much surplus inventory.
Advantages - Until new materials arrive, the team relies on the second bin for materials.
two-bin system This allow making sure that the production is never die.
- Optimized inventory volumes and reduced waste, leading to the reduction
in total costs, reduced waiting time and minimized lead times.
- Efficient you always have a buffer
- Minimizes the risk of shortages
Disadvantages - Before implementing any sort of inventory management system, it’s
two-bin system important to understand the specific needs and considerations affecting
your supply chain. Many factors, such as fluctuating demand, lot quantities,
minimum orders and other variables can all impact the exact order
requirements to keep the two-bin system running smoothly.
,Case 1: Introducing something new
Current and - Ageing of the population
future challenges - Increase in chronic illness and multimorbidity
in healthcare - Increase in complex care needs
- Pressure on the labour market
- Lack of (well-trained) staff
- Pressure on financial resources
- Stakeholders demand high-quality care
Urgent need for innovation in healthcare
Innovation “An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an
(Rogers, 2003) individual or other unit of adoption. It matters little, so far as human
behaviour is concerned, whether or not an idea is obviously new as measured
by the lapse of time since its first use or discovery.”
- If an idea seems new to the individual, it’s an innovation.
- Newness in an innovation need not just involve new knowledge
newness may be expressed in terms of knowledge, persuasion, or a
decision to adopt.
- This definition is helpful when considering individual behaviour, but less
useful at organizational level
- Organizational innovation precipitates some kind of planned change in
the structures and systems in the organization
It should not be assumed that the diffusion and adoption of all innovations
are necessarily desirable
Innovation (Grol “An innovation is a new procedure or technique, a guideline, a care protocol,
& Wensing, 2013) or a ‘best practice’.”
Specific characteristics of innovations (e.g. compatibility with existing norms
and values, clear and easily accessible format) have a positive influence on
adoption by the target population.
- Involving the target group in the development of an innovation or
proposal for change and offering them the opportunity to adopt it to their
own situation (“co-design”) may promote implementation.
4 characteristics 1. Innovation represent newness
of innovations 2. It is not the same thing as invention
(Osbourne, 1998) a. invention is about the discovery of new ideas/approaches
b. innovation is concerned with the application of new
ideas/approaches
3. It is both a process and an outcome
4. It involves discontinuous change
Innovation (new “An innovation is a set of behaviours, routines and ways of working, along
definition) with any associated administrative technologies and systems, which are:
(Greenhalgh, 1. Perceived as new by a proportion of key stakeholders
2005) 2. Linked to the provision or support of health care
3. Discontinuous with previous practice
4. Directed at improving health outcomes, administrative efficiency,
cost-effectiveness, or the user experience
5. Implemented by means of planned and co-ordinated action by
individuals, teams or organisations
- Such innovation may or may not be associated with a new health
technology
, - This is a rationalist view of innovation
- Innovation is an event rather than a process
- The assimilation of innovations will be through planned and
transformative rather than continuous and emergent change
Health care “A medical technology, structure, administrative system, or service that is
innovation (Goes relatively new to the overall industry and newly adopted by hospitals in a
& Park, 1997) particular market area.”
Service “Innovations that incorporate changes in technology, design, or delivery of a
innovations (Goes particular service or bundle of services.”
& Park, 1997)
Social policy - Developmental innovations = existing services to a particular used group
innovation are improved or enhanced
(Osborne et al., - Expansionary innovations = existing services are offered to new user
2002) groups
- Evolutionary innovations = new services are provided to existing users
- Total innovation = new services to new user
Why is not every - Innovations have to fit a specific setting/situation
innovation - The successful implementation of an innovation can be strongly
successful? influenced by the characteristics (attributes) of an innovation
- Potential users have questions before they decide to adopt an innovation,
like is it better? Can we test is first? Is it easy to use?
Attributes of - Relative advantage = the degree to which an innovation is perceived as
innovations better than the idea it supersedes.
First 5 based on o Is it better than existing practice? (effects, costs, convenience, etc.)
Rogers (2003) - Compatibility = the degree to which an innovation is perceived as being
Sixth based on consistent with the existing practices and values, past experiences, and
Greenhalgh needs of potential adopters.
(2004) o Is it compatible with existing opinions, needs, norms, values, etc?
- Complexity = the degree to which an innovation is perceived as difficult to
understand and use.
o Is it perceived as difficult to understand and use?
- Trialability = the degree to which an innovation may be experimented
with on a limited basis.
o Is it possible to experiment with the innovation on a limited basis?
- Observability = the degree to which the results of an innovation are
visible to others.
o Are the results of the innovation visible for the users/others?
- (Potential for) Re-invention = the degree to which an innovation is
changed or modified by a user in the process of its adoption and
implementation.
o Can the innovation be changed or modified by the user in the
process of adoption and implementation?
Observations that are perceived by individuals as having greater relative
advantage, compatibility, trialability, observability, and less complexity will be
adopted more rapidly than other innovation.
- Compatibility, relative advantage & complexity significantly related to
adoption
Other relevant Attributes Explanation
operational Task relevance Is the innovation relevant to the tasks the users have to
attributes perform?
All tasks & lectures summarized
,Practical lecture: Two bin system
Two bin system - There are two bins that are stocked
with the supplies you need. You only
make use of the first bin until its
empty. If its empty, there will be a
signal that the first bin will have to be
restocked or replaced. Then you
make use of the second bin, that’s
supposed to have enough time to lust
unit the order for the first bin arrives.
The first bin has a minimum of
working stock and the second bin
keeps reverse stock or remaining
material.
- The goal of any two-bin system is to have enough inventory to continuously
produce outputs without having too much surplus inventory.
Advantages - Until new materials arrive, the team relies on the second bin for materials.
two-bin system This allow making sure that the production is never die.
- Optimized inventory volumes and reduced waste, leading to the reduction
in total costs, reduced waiting time and minimized lead times.
- Efficient you always have a buffer
- Minimizes the risk of shortages
Disadvantages - Before implementing any sort of inventory management system, it’s
two-bin system important to understand the specific needs and considerations affecting
your supply chain. Many factors, such as fluctuating demand, lot quantities,
minimum orders and other variables can all impact the exact order
requirements to keep the two-bin system running smoothly.
,Case 1: Introducing something new
Current and - Ageing of the population
future challenges - Increase in chronic illness and multimorbidity
in healthcare - Increase in complex care needs
- Pressure on the labour market
- Lack of (well-trained) staff
- Pressure on financial resources
- Stakeholders demand high-quality care
Urgent need for innovation in healthcare
Innovation “An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an
(Rogers, 2003) individual or other unit of adoption. It matters little, so far as human
behaviour is concerned, whether or not an idea is obviously new as measured
by the lapse of time since its first use or discovery.”
- If an idea seems new to the individual, it’s an innovation.
- Newness in an innovation need not just involve new knowledge
newness may be expressed in terms of knowledge, persuasion, or a
decision to adopt.
- This definition is helpful when considering individual behaviour, but less
useful at organizational level
- Organizational innovation precipitates some kind of planned change in
the structures and systems in the organization
It should not be assumed that the diffusion and adoption of all innovations
are necessarily desirable
Innovation (Grol “An innovation is a new procedure or technique, a guideline, a care protocol,
& Wensing, 2013) or a ‘best practice’.”
Specific characteristics of innovations (e.g. compatibility with existing norms
and values, clear and easily accessible format) have a positive influence on
adoption by the target population.
- Involving the target group in the development of an innovation or
proposal for change and offering them the opportunity to adopt it to their
own situation (“co-design”) may promote implementation.
4 characteristics 1. Innovation represent newness
of innovations 2. It is not the same thing as invention
(Osbourne, 1998) a. invention is about the discovery of new ideas/approaches
b. innovation is concerned with the application of new
ideas/approaches
3. It is both a process and an outcome
4. It involves discontinuous change
Innovation (new “An innovation is a set of behaviours, routines and ways of working, along
definition) with any associated administrative technologies and systems, which are:
(Greenhalgh, 1. Perceived as new by a proportion of key stakeholders
2005) 2. Linked to the provision or support of health care
3. Discontinuous with previous practice
4. Directed at improving health outcomes, administrative efficiency,
cost-effectiveness, or the user experience
5. Implemented by means of planned and co-ordinated action by
individuals, teams or organisations
- Such innovation may or may not be associated with a new health
technology
, - This is a rationalist view of innovation
- Innovation is an event rather than a process
- The assimilation of innovations will be through planned and
transformative rather than continuous and emergent change
Health care “A medical technology, structure, administrative system, or service that is
innovation (Goes relatively new to the overall industry and newly adopted by hospitals in a
& Park, 1997) particular market area.”
Service “Innovations that incorporate changes in technology, design, or delivery of a
innovations (Goes particular service or bundle of services.”
& Park, 1997)
Social policy - Developmental innovations = existing services to a particular used group
innovation are improved or enhanced
(Osborne et al., - Expansionary innovations = existing services are offered to new user
2002) groups
- Evolutionary innovations = new services are provided to existing users
- Total innovation = new services to new user
Why is not every - Innovations have to fit a specific setting/situation
innovation - The successful implementation of an innovation can be strongly
successful? influenced by the characteristics (attributes) of an innovation
- Potential users have questions before they decide to adopt an innovation,
like is it better? Can we test is first? Is it easy to use?
Attributes of - Relative advantage = the degree to which an innovation is perceived as
innovations better than the idea it supersedes.
First 5 based on o Is it better than existing practice? (effects, costs, convenience, etc.)
Rogers (2003) - Compatibility = the degree to which an innovation is perceived as being
Sixth based on consistent with the existing practices and values, past experiences, and
Greenhalgh needs of potential adopters.
(2004) o Is it compatible with existing opinions, needs, norms, values, etc?
- Complexity = the degree to which an innovation is perceived as difficult to
understand and use.
o Is it perceived as difficult to understand and use?
- Trialability = the degree to which an innovation may be experimented
with on a limited basis.
o Is it possible to experiment with the innovation on a limited basis?
- Observability = the degree to which the results of an innovation are
visible to others.
o Are the results of the innovation visible for the users/others?
- (Potential for) Re-invention = the degree to which an innovation is
changed or modified by a user in the process of its adoption and
implementation.
o Can the innovation be changed or modified by the user in the
process of adoption and implementation?
Observations that are perceived by individuals as having greater relative
advantage, compatibility, trialability, observability, and less complexity will be
adopted more rapidly than other innovation.
- Compatibility, relative advantage & complexity significantly related to
adoption
Other relevant Attributes Explanation
operational Task relevance Is the innovation relevant to the tasks the users have to
attributes perform?
