Electrical Stimulation Questions & Answers

If labeled correctly, the red lead wire polarity is ___ and is referred to as the ___ while the black lead wire polarity is ___ and referred to as the ___. - ANSWERSPositive, anode, negative, cathode What are the units for Ohm's Law? A) is measured in amperes or milliamps, V is measured in volts and R is measured in ohms. B) is measured in hertz, V is measured in volts and R is measured in pulse duration. C) is measured in volts, V is measured in amperes and R is measured in micro-coulombs. D) is measured in ohms, V is measured in Volts and R is measured in amperes or milliamps. - ANSWERSA T/F The duration of one cycle of an alternating current is dependent on the frequency of the current. - ANSWERST A NMES machine can be set so that the current reaches peak amplitude over a period of seconds. This is called a ___________________. - ANSWERSRamp up A PT is using a portable electrical machine that delivers pulsatile current similar to the ones we used in lab. He wants to deliver more current per average time. What can he change on the NMES machine to accomplish this goal? A. Increase the intensity or amplitude B. Increase the pulse duration C. Increase the frequency or rate D. A and B only E. A, B and C - ANSWERS Which of the following would be parameters for an on: off time on a NMES machine? A) 10 seconds; 30 seconds B) 300 useconds C) 5 seconds D) 35 pps - ANSWERSA T/F A rectangular monophasic pulsatile current that has an amplitude of 3 mamps and a pulse duration of 20 useconds, would have the same phase charge as a rectangular monophasic pulsatile current that has an amplitude of 2 mamps and a pulse duration of 30 useconds. - ANSWERST T/F According to Ohm's Law if you used electrodes that were dried out, the current to the patient would increase. - ANSWERST Which of the following lists the three types of current used by PTs in therapeutic applications? A.Russian, modified AC, DC B. Pulsatile, Direct, Alternating C. Interferential, Russian, Modified AC D. Pulse rate, pulses per second, frequency - ANSWERSB Which type of current was used to produce the "Russian" current in the lab? A) Alternating Current B) Direct Current C) Asymmetrical Biphasic Pulsatile Curent D) Symmetrical Biphasic Pulsatile Current - ANSWERSA The phase duration of a balanced symmetrical biphasic pulsatile current is 25 useconds and the amplitude is 5 milliamps. What is the pulse duration? A) 125 microcoulombs B) 50 microcoulombs C) 125 useconds D) 50 useconds - ANSWERSD T/F Pulsatile current (PC) may be monophasic or biphasic. - ANSWERST Modulation of the beat frequency when using interferential current is know as which of the following? A) Swing B) Swift C) Scan D) Sweep - ANSWERSD Which of the following best describes why application of TENS in undiagnosed pain is a precaution? A) The PT wouldn't know where to place the electrodes. B) The TENS treatment would most likely cause the patient to have more pain. C) The PT wouldn't know which mode of TENS to use for the initial treatment. D) Masking the pain with TENS can postpone proper treatment and make the underlying condition worse. - ANSWERSD Which of the following best describes the evidence-supported level of stimulation amplitude, or intensity, to be used with administering TENS? A) Current amplitude should be increased to noxious levels for best effectiveness. B) The amplitude should be just above the sensory threshold. C) Current amplitude should be as strong as is tolerated while still comfortable. D) Current amplitude should never rise beyond the motor threshold. - ANSWERSC When selecting small electrodes to administer TENS, which of the following must be considered in regard to the patient's perception and tolerance of stimulation? A) The electrode polarity B) Current density C) Hypersensitivity reactions D) The Inter-electrode distance - ANSWERSB Which of the following best describes the evidence regarding concurrent use of caffeine and TENS for pain modulation? A) Caffeine consumption increases the analgesic effect of TENS. B) Concurrent use of caffeine and TENS may result in analgesic tolerance. C) Caffeine consumption may decrease the effectiveness of TENS. D) Caffeine acts as a competitive agonist on the opioid receptors, thereby increasing the analgesic effect of TENS - ANSWERSC Which of the following types of pain is the result of real tissue damage caused by infection, trauma, or the progression of a metabolic disorder or degenerative disease? A) Affective B) Acute C) Referred D) Chronic - ANSWERSB What are the three most common parameters used to provide the different modes of TENS? A) Current waveform, pulse frequency and ramp up time B) Type of current, pulse duration and carrier frequency C) Pulse duration, pulse frequency, and shape of waveform D) Pulse frequency, pulse duration and current amplitude - ANSWERSD Analgesic tolerance is most likely to occur with what type of opioid receptor? A) Delta B) Gamma C) Kappa D) Mu - ANSWERSD Which of the following modes of TENS is best described as using a low-pulse frequency, high intensity to evoke visible muscle contractions? A) Conventional TENS B) Acupuncture TENS C) Brief-Intense TENS D) Burst-train TENS - ANSWERSB Electrode placement for TENS should be selected based on which of the following? A) Chronicity of pain B) In accordance with the painful area or over the peripheral nerve responsible for the pain. C) The cost of the electrodes. D) The mode of TENS used. - ANSWERSB Which of the following is NOT believed to occur during treatments using iontophoresis? A) Electromigration B) Electroporation C) Electrosatuaration D) Electroosmosis - ANSWERSC List at least three items specific to iontophoresis you would include in documenting an iontophoresis treatment. - ANSWERS??? Which electrode would you use for the treatment electrode if the polarity of a drug for iontophoresis was negative? A) Anode B) Positive Polarity C) Either the anode or cathode D) Cathode - ANSWERSD What is hyperhidrosis? A) A drug commonly used in iontophoresis B) Another name for phonophoresis. C) Excessive sweating in areas like the hands or feet. D) Treatment of a body part using iontophoresis and water. - ANSWERSC Which of the following is a contraindication to an iontophoresis treatment? A) Decreased sensation in the area being treated B) Oil on the skin surface. C) Hair over area to be treated. D) Tendonitis - ANSWERSA