NR 601 Final Exam Guide Final EXAM Guide 601 to pass your NR 601 Exam

NR 601 Final Exam Guide Final EXAM Guide 601 to pass your NR 601 Exam Glucose Metabolism Disorders Type 1 Diabetes 2 types 1. Immune mediated (type 1A) 90% of cases • Caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta islet cells • The triggering factor in the development of type 1 DM is thought to be an infection or toxic insult in persons with a genetic predisposition. • The most commonly identified infectious agents are congenital rubella, others include; Coxsackie B4 virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and mumps virus. • Associated with an increased incidence of other autoimmune disorders, including thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal insufficiency • Progressive beta cell destruction remains the hallmark of type 1 DM, with hyperglycemia typically developing once 80% to 90% of a patient’s beta cells have been destroyed 2. Idiopathic (type 1B) Clinical Presentation • The majority of patients seek medical attention due to symptoms related to hyperglycemia, with the initial diagnosis in children often being made when patients present in frank diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) o Signs of severe ketosis known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) include extreme fatigue, abnormal cramping, and alterations in breathing pattern. In addition, a telltale sign of ketosis is halitosis, which smells like a combination of nail polish (acetone) and rotting fruit. In contrast, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a serious form of nonketotic acidosis resulting from prolonged hyperglycemia that is less common than DKA but has a higher mortality rate. HHS is seen most